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INSTITUTIONS TO THE ADVANCEMENT OP AGRICULTURE.
589
4. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS TO THE
ADVANCEMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
In the administration of Sweden, matters referring to farming and
cattle-rearing have up till 1900 belonged to the Department of Home
Affaires. That year, however, a special Department of Agriculture was
instituted, to which have been removed the matters above mentioned as
well as those of forestry and certain other congenial ones. This new
department is divided in two bureaus, one of which attends to
agricultural matters, the other to forestry.
A peculiar position was for a long time occupied by the Academy
of Agriculture as being an institution both scientific and administrative
— the latter, moreover, in spite of always having elected its members
itself. Of the organization and present functions of this academy
account is given above (p. 376). The administrative business has now
been made over to the Board of Agriculture, established in 1890. This
Board consists of a head bearing the title of Chief director, and four
members, viz. the inspector of agriculture, a chief engineer, an inspector
of the fisheries, and a secretary; besides, a veterinary surgeon is attached
to the Board to guide the examinations concerning tuberculosis among
the cattle-stock of the country. The Board of Agriculture annually
publishes a series of informations on subjects of agricultural importance,
to which is joined a report on the work of the Board itself and the
institutions subordinating.
The immediate direction of the horse-breeding of the country, the State studs,
ud the distribution of horse-premiums is managed by the Stud Qeneral Board,
consisting of the Director and a Secretary. To treat questions of high importance
the Stud Commission is called in, made up of the director at the General Board
»ad two members appointed by the King. — In 1902, the Board had at its disposal
* State subvention of 100,000 kronor for horse-premiums, and 59,620 kronor for
’he promotion of horse-breeding. Inclusive of income from leases and other sources,
the total yearly State expenditures for such purposes are about 336,000 kronor.
Among public institutions for the improvement of agriculture may
also be mentioned the work of the agricultural engineers, dating from
1835. In 1857, these functionaries had their present title given to them;
their instruction in force is of December 13, 1889. At the present
moment, there are 21 agricultural engineers working within the same
number of districts and having for assistants stipendiaries appointed by
the Board of Agriculture.
The agricultural engineers draw up plans for cultivation, drainage,
lake-sinking, meadow irrigation, reclamation etc. and superintend the
carrying out of these kinds of work. In 1901, the area of land
examined by the agricultural engineers for the purpose of improvement,
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