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646
VII. FORESTRY OF SWEDEN’.
the motive power of which is water, is yet large enough to employ about
200 workmen. Furthermore, we may mention Kopparbergs och Hofors
Sågverks Aktiebolag, which owns Avaström and Norrsundet in Gestrikland,
as well as Nås and Karls fors in Dalarne; its shipments amount to 25,000
standards. — The Elfkarleö saw-mill, situated on an island in the Dalelfven,
and thus on the boundary between Norrland and Svealand, belongs to
Söderfors Bruks Aktiebolag, and is furnished with 6 saw-frames and 2
edging-machines. — The saw-mills of Avesta and Säter, both belonging to the
Kopparberg— Avesta Aktiebolag, ship their timber via the Värtan harbour, anoutport
of Stockholm.
Most of the other export saw-mills in Dalarne have Gothenburg for their
shipping port. Generally the timber is transported by rail to Kristinehamn at
Lake Venern and from there in covered lighters to Gothenburg. Among these
saw-mills, we may here mention Vansbro, Mora, Sax viken,’ and Tyfors. Tbe
exports from the majority of the saw-mills in Vermland and Dalsland also goes
via Gothenburg; but some ship their wood over Norway. Among the saw-mills
of Vermland the most notable are Berg holmén, near Karlstad, Forshaga
(belonging to a joint-stock company with the same name), Hult (belonging to
Aktiebolaget Mölnbacka—Trysil), and Munkfors (belonging to the Uddeholms
Aktiebolag), all of which are situated on the Klarelfven.
The South of Sweden is, with respect to the saw-mill business, far behind
the provinces previously enumerated. It is true that the saw-mills in this part
of the country, and especially on the Småland highlands, are very numerous,
being found here even in greater numbers than in Norrland, but they arc mostly
small — sometimes only consisting of movable locomobile saws — adapted to
supply the local needs, and contribute but slight quantities for export. A few
of them, however, do business on a scale which reminds us of the Norrland trade.
Such are Hellefors, on the river Svartelfven in the Län of Örebro, Boxholm
(waterpower), on the river Svartån in Östergötland, Blankaholm in the Lån of
Kalmar, and Falkenbergs ångsåg in Halland. The saw-mills of Gothenbnrg and
its vicinity deserve special notice, such as the steam saw-mills belonging to the
joint-stock companies of Bark & Warburg, F. O. Strömman, and Sà/ceån;
they are all connected with joinery mills, however, and therefore more correctly
come under the category of the wood-manufacturing industry.
Timber Catting.
In order to obtain the necessary raw material for his produce,
there are several different courses available for the saw-mill owner.
He can either purchase forest-land under full rights of ownership; or
else only lease the right of cutting timber over a certain forest area;
or buy the trees marked with crown stamp from the Crown lands; or,
finally, buy timber from owners of private forests.
In the »good old times», about two hundred years ago, everyone was permitted
to cut heavy timber in the vast Crown forests of Vermland, Dalarne, and
Norrland. During the eighteenth century this freedom was certainly somewhat
restricted, but nevertheless the Crown still very generously granted privileges for the
establishment of saw-mills with a right to fell timber in the Crown forests, t
privilege which was called »Stockf&ngat» (see p. 623). Most frequently this log
or timber-grant was restricted to a certain quantity, and sometimes reservation?
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