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FISHERY LEGISLATION.
679
forgotten nntil about 1850, when attempts at fish-culture were again
begun, and it was not until 1865 that a complete institution for
salmon-cultivation was established at the expense of the State, which »normal
institution» afterwards became a pattern for a large number of such
institutions throughout the country, of which there are now about forty.
Fish culture in ponds was carried on in ancient times at the monasteries
and on many large estates, especially in Skåne, where the carp was introduced
from Denmark in the beginning of the sixteenth century, but these ponds were
afterwards neglected. The culture of carp has not been re-begun until later
years, and at Gustafsborg in Skåne there is a large number of carp-ponds on
the German model, built in 1879 and following years. From these ponds about
20,000 kronor worth of carp was sold in 1896, principally to Germany. The
carp can, however, thrive as high up in the north as Vermland, where there are
carp breeding-ponds at the Långbanshyttan Works. In 1890, there was founded
at Finspång in Östergötland a >Fish-cultivating and Fresh Water Biological
Institution> with small ponds, with the purpose of making an experimental station
for fish culture in ponds and for fresh water biological researches. At Engelsberg,
in Vestmanland, a stock-company for carrying on fish-culture in ponds has founded
large hatcheries, principally intended for the propagation of trout, especially a
species imported from America (Salmo irrideus), and other salmon-like fishes.
Fishery Legislation.
In regard to the ownership of fishing-waters there were provisions
made already in our oldest laws and in the Common Law of 1734, but
laws for the protection of fish were not made until låte in our country,
namely only by the »Common Fishery Law» of 1766. The Fishery Law
now in force is of October 17, 1900. The provisions in regard to
right of ownership have, however, now been separated from this law
and arranged in a special »Law concerning the Right to Fishing Waters»,
of June 27, 1896.
The State nowadays owns only few fisheries. The majority belong to private
persons, according to the common rule that the owner of the shore also owns
the water and the fishing outside it; but in the villages not »re-parceled» (see p.
511) this right to the shore is only applicable to the villages themselves, while
the separate partowners in the village have the same mutual fishing right within
the territory of the village, disregarding the share each owns in the shore.
The shore ownership extends, in lakes, streams, and the bays and fiords of the
archipelago, to the boundary-lines. On the open sea-coast and in the largest inland
lakes, the shore ownership extends only 180 meters outward from the shore,
measured from a depth of 2 meters; beyond this, the fishing-right is free to all
Swedish subjects. Furthermore, there is the important provision that in rivers
and sounds, one third of the width of the watercourse, in certain cases one sixth,
in the deepest place, shall be left free from fishing appliances, unless special
privileges to shut off the water-course have been granted. The same is applicable
to dam-buildings. This open central channel in the water-course is called »the
King’s vein».
With respect to the economy of fishing, there are only general provisions
made in the Fishing Law, while detailed regulations are left to the governors
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