Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - IX. Mining Industry and Metal Production - 2. The Iron and Steel Industry. By the late Prof. J. G. Wiborgh - Pig iron
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wrought iron. 715
Tablk 102. World’s production of pig iron. Metric tons à 2,204 lbs.
Countries. Average 1871/75. Average 1881/85. Average 1886/90. Average 1891/95. Average 1896/00. In 1900.
I Sweden................................332,456 429,377 446,578 471,147 517,796 526,868
Great Brit, and Irel. 6,561,822 8,227,085 7,883,201 7,360,536 9,002,201 9,052,107
i Belgium................................589,353 719,761 780,874 766,098 1,006,317 1,018,507
I Germany..............................1,945,661 3,410,516 4,214,549 5,081,844 7,446,096 8,520,540
Austria................................315,981 475,247 573,299 686,432 931,868 1.000.207
Hungary..............................152,966 186,426 233,889 322,622 443,607 455,558
France..................................1,264,637 1,899,406 1,692,741 2,006,291 2,524,993 2,669,424
Russia..................................388,702 493,421 695,498 1,184,515 2.241,721 2,874,988
United States................2,284,265 4,369,914 7,192,581 8,263,142 11,675,808 14,00i),869
Other countries............335,271 476,890 569,165 607,778 895,686 1.190,411
Total 14,171,114 120,687,043 24,282,375 28,730,403 38,685,993 41,348,479
for 1900, while on the contrary the output per blast furnace has
increased from 923 tons to 3,903 tons, and per diem from 6*6 8 tons to
13-81 tons. The output per blast furnace has since 1833 increased nine
times, and per diem five times.
Of the total pig iron production of Sweden during 1896/1900, the average
percentages for the different Lftns were: Kopparberg 26-46 %, Örebro 25’74
Gefleborg 13 98 %, Vermland 10 :9 %, Vestmanland IO03 %, Uppsala 5’05
Östergötland 3*27 Vesternorrland l*ea % and Kalmar 1’49 the remaining
1*57 % were divided on the Lftns of Stockholm, Södermanland, Jönköping, and
Kronoberg. The average output per diem is highest for the Domnarfvet Iron
Works, in the Lftn of Kopparberg, this in 1901 having amounted to 46’83 tons
per furnace.
More than 80 % of the pig iron production in Sweden is used for
manufacture within the country. The exports are given in Table 104.
As shown there, Sweden also imports quite considerable quantities of
pig iron, which is consumed by the foundries.
The consumption of pig iron in Sweden amounts at present per
inhabitant to about 96 kilograms a year, which is a very high figure as
compared with the average for Europe being only about 70 kilograms.
Still the consumption in our country shows very little increase of låte,
— quite a peculiar feature.
The pig iron production has in course of time undergone
considerable changes. An historical account of these is likely to be of greater
interest regarding our country than any other.
In most ancient times, wrought iron was always made in Sweden as in other
countries direct from the ore. The first more known method used for this work
was the blast forging (blftstersmide). The blast forge (see the figure p. 717) was
about 2 meter high, the hearth of which was rectangular and the shaft round and
widening upwards. The ore was lake ore and the fuel wood, with which the small
shaft was filled. When this wood had been .charred, a certain quantity of ore
was charged, and then the blast by means of small bellows was put on. When
the charcoal was consumed, a lump of iron and some slag rich in iron were left
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