Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - IX. Mining Industry and Metal Production - 2. The Iron and Steel Industry. By the late Prof. J. G. Wiborgh - Wrought iron - Ingot iron (Steel)
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732- ix. mining industry and metal production op sweden.
This kind of forging was very common in Sweden in the decennium 1860/70.
The reason was that Swedish iron production was at that time distributed
among a large number of smaller works, many of which even had a smaller
output of blooms than was required for one heating furnace (to keep a heating
urnace continually working, blooms are required from at least three or four
Lancashire hearths), and for these works German or Franche-Comté forging was
most suitable.
In the degree that these small works were abandoned and iron production
was concentrated on a few larger works, both German and Franche-Comté forgin?
ceased, and Lancashire-forging was commonly adopted, and is now almost
eiclu-sively used, with the exception only of the Dannemora iron district, where Walloon
forging is still retained at several works.
Puddling. This method of refining, very common in other countries,
has never been much used in this country. It is true that trials were
made with this process in 1820, but it came into more extensive use
only in the decennium 1841/50; towards the end of the decennium
1871/80, about 20 puddling furnaces were used here, distributed among
several works. Since then, however, the making of puddle iron has
constantly decreased, and at the present time only few such furnaces
are in use. The puddling furnaces used here are of the ordinary type
and are fired with fossil coal or wood.
Ingot iron (Steel).
After Sir Henry Bessemer in 1855 and 1856 with but little success
had tried to perfect his method of making steel and iron from pig iron
by letting air pass through the liquid iron, which method of refining
was called the Bessemer process after the inventor, experiments with
this method were made in Sweden in 1857 and 1858, and with more
successful results, although here also great difficulties had to be
overcome. Thus, the Bessemer process has chiefly been worked out here in
Sweden, and how this came about will now briefly be told. —
The first Bessemer Furnace at Dormsjö, 1857.
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