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(1904) Author: Gustav Sundbärg
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Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - X. Manufacturing Industries. By Å. G. Ekstrand, Ph. D., Chief Engineer, Control Office of the Department of Finance - 4. Oils, Tar, India-rubber, and kindred commodities - Fatty Oils - Mineral Oil (Petroleum)

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oils, tar, india-rubber, and kindred commodities. 813

chief import is petroleum, in 1900 for 10" 6 million kronor. Then come
fatty oils (7*8 million) and oil cake (5*4 million); for these see below.
The chief exports are tar, though the amount now is far less than
formerly, stearine, also galoshes and other india-rubber goods — these
being new articles of export during the last few years. The total
exports under this heading in 1900 did not exceed 1*8 2 million kronor.2

Fatty Oils.

Of fatty oils the only ones Sweden produces on a large scale are:
linseed-oil, rape-oil, fish-oil, and train-oil. The two first named are derived from the
corresponding seeds by means of pressure or extraction. The leavings, after the
process of pressing or extraction is completed, are used, in the form of oil-cake,
or in the form of a powder, as a kind of fodder for cattle. Fish-oil is produced
by heating herrings till the fatty matter floats to the top, when it is either
skimmed off or else removed by pressure. The oil is refined to a greater or less
extent before it is put upon the market. The remainder of the fish, subsequent
to the pressing process, was up to later times converted into herring guano (see
below, section: Fertilizers). The amount of fish-oil produced in one season is
dependant on the herring fishery, which, as known, varies a great deal. — At
some factories train-oil from seals and whales is also prepared.

In 1900, the total number of factories under this heading was 14, employing
159 hands; the value of the turnout was 3,847,000 kronor, being 2,279,000
kronor for 44,182 quintals of linseed and rape oil, and 1,446,000 kronor for
117,356 quintals of oil-cake.8 — Fatty oils are very extensively used in making
hard and soft soap, stearine candles, colours, and varnishes. The home
manufacture of oils and oil-cake does not nearly cover the needs of the country. The
import is consequently very considerable, as may be seen below:2

Averages. Linseed and Bape-seed. Fatty Oils. Oil cake. Train-oil.1

1871/80................1,340,000 kronor. 2,526,000 kronor. 1,168,000 kronor.

1881/90................1,695,000 > 3,746,000 > 2,580,000 » 385,000 kronor.

1891/95................2,312,000 > 4,737,000 » 3,279,000 > 516,000 >

1896 00................2,718,000 > 7,019,000 » 4,268,000 > 539,000 »

In 1900 ..............3,151,000 » 7,806,000 » 5,369,000 » 660,000 »

In greater detail, the import of linseed in 1900 was for 2,967,000 kronor,
of rape and colza seed for 183,000 kronor, of linseed, colza, and rape oils for
289,000 kronor, of sweet or olive, hemp, palm, castor, nut oils etc. in barrels
for 7,337,000 kronor, and in other vessels for 120,000 kronor. The export is
tolerably insignificant.

Mineral Oil (Petroleum).

Mineral oil is in general imported in refined form as kerosene, but not little
is refined in Sweden itself. There are no sources of mineral oil in Sweden, but
it was the two brothers L. and It. Nobel, themselves Swedes, who established
the Russian petroleum industry on the peninsula of Apscheron in the Caspian
Sea. Under their management, this Russian industry has developed to such an
extent that it can compete with the American.

1 The figure 385,000 is the average for 1886.90. — 8 A krona = MO shilling or 0 268
dollar. — 3 A qnintal = 197 cwts.

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