Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - X. Manufacturing Industries. By Å. G. Ekstrand, Ph. D., Chief Engineer, Control Office of the Department of Finance - 5. Timber-ware Industry - The Match industry
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timber-ware industry. 825
Table 126. Manufacture, imports, and exports of matches.1
Average for the years Factories.’Workmen. 1 Production. Value, In Kronor.2 Imports. Kilogr. Exports.
Kilograms. Value, In Kr.
1866/70..........................19 1,858 1,294,000 3,027 1,739,111
1871/75 ..........................30 3,578 4,377,000 1,319 6,188,671 3,640,000
1876/80 ............................32 3,755 6,301,000 12,725 8,303,090 5,860.000
1881/85 ..........................33 4,920 8,176,000 5,092 11,894,943 8,329,000
1886/90 ..........................30 5,059 7,875.000 3,316 13,066,366 8,656,000
1891/95 ..........................29 5,494 7,923,000 2,996 14,104,983 8,602.000
1896/00 ..........................22 5,697 8,342,000 1,801 15,990,035 7,196.000
In 1900 ..........................20 6,102 9,945,000 851 18,801,477 8,461,000
brought into use before 1870, more especially such as are calculated to
simplify the arranging of the splints ready shaped in frames previous
to their dipping in the igniting composition to form the heads. A.
Lager-man, by his so-called complete-machine, contributed greatly towards
reducing the manual labour in match manufacture to a minimum. The
match-material, which is first cut by other machinery, is fed into the
complete-machine at one end to emerge at the other, ready made and
packed in boxes, without the intervention of a single workman in the
meanwhile. One of those machines turns out at least 40,000 boxes in
a space of 11 hours. The first machine of this description started
working in 1892 in the old Jönköping match-factory.
A large number of other match-factories have sprung up by degrees,
but many of them were very soon obliged to cease by reason of the
severe competition. Though the old phosphorus matches were driven
out of favour by the safety-matches, they still continued to be made,
but since July 1, 1901, the sale of them in Sweden has been prohibited,
on account of the danger concomitant with the yellow phosphorus
contained in their heads. They possess, however, one advantage over the
safety-matches which cannot be denied them, and that is the possibility
of striking them on almost anything; continued experiments and the
offering of prizes have now resulted in the manufacture of matches
which may serve as a substitute for the old phosphorus matches
without containing the yellow poisonous phosphorus, instead of which is used
in Jönköping Sesquisulphide of Phosphorus.
Most of the chemicals required in match-making, such as phosphorus,
antimony, sulphur, paraffine, etc., must be imported; chlorate of potash,
on the other hand, can now be obtained in Sweden. The sort of wood in
greatest, and almost exclusive, request for matches is aspen; it is easy to
cut up and is sufficiently porous to admit of impregnation with sulphur
or paraffine. The home supply of aspen wood of good enough quality for
the purposes of match-making has now been so reduced that a
considerable amount has to be imported from Finland and especially from Russia.
1 A kilogram = 2 204 lbB. A krona = 1’10 shilling or 0’268 dollar. — 1 The figures
for exports in the last colnmn show that the value of production given is too low.
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