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970
XII. SHIPPING AND NAVIGATION OF SWEDEN.
The State has, moreover, fixed the limits of activity for assistance of navigation
and naval commerce exercised by ship-brokers, just as the State has fixed a special
tax of provision for arbitrators of averages. In this connection should be
remembered the activity purposing to aid those who carry on shipping and
trading which duty devolves upon the Swedish-Norwegian Consuls. According to the
Consular Regulation of November 4, 1886 and the instruction attached to it,
the consuls have to promote the welfare of the United kingdoms to the utmost of their
power, particularly with respect to commerce and shipping, and generally to aid
seafarers as well as especially to see that masters of vessels enjoy their proper rights.
Through treaties with most of the shipping nations, Sweden has provided for
its shipping a treatment, upon condition of reciprocity, due to the most favoured
nations, or a national treatment, in foreign ports. Trading here in the Kingdom
is nevertheless only allowed, except to Norwegian vessels which are equal with ours,
to Belgian, Danish, Italian, Dutch, British, and German vessels.
Shipping Dues.
According to Swedish legislation, common dues accrue on the shipping,
partly abroad on Swedish vessels, partly in Swedish ports on Swedish and foreign
vessels. They are, as a rule, calculated according to the net register tonnage of
the vessel. This is found out by the Register measurement, the result of which
is entered in the Bill of tonnage (Mätbref).
Before 1874, the measurement in Sweden was founded on the weight of
cargo which the vessel could carry, and a corresponding tonnage was calculated
for the vessel. That year the Moorsom system, already before adopted by
most of the shipping nations, was accepted here, through which the measurement
was founded on the capacity of the vessel, and was its tonnage decided expressed
in register tons. (1 reg.-ton = 2-83 cubic meters = 100 English cubic feet). The
net register tonnage is found by deducting from the total tonnage the capacity of
certain rooms reserved for the captain and crew, and for the propulsion,
navigation and manoeuvring of the vessel. Concerning the deduction for steamers of
engine-room and coal-boxes, one distinguishes between the so-called British rule,
according to which a percentage depending upon the relation between the
capacity of the engine-room and the brutto tonnage, is deducted from the latter, and
the so-called German rule, according to which the really measured capacity of
the engine-room and the coal-boxes is deducted. Most of the sea-faring nations
use the British rule at the measurement of steamers. This rule was introduced,
by the ordinance of 1874, in Swoden also, but already in 1880, one passed
over to the German, which is still used, but with a right for the steamers to get the
tonnage calculated also according to the British and Danube rules and the
result thereof entered in an appendix to the aforesaid Bill of tonnage
(Mätbref)-Of låte, several demands have been made of a return to the British rule, and
the Commerce and Navigation committee, appointed in 1898 and mentioned several
times before, has also recommended an attachment to this rule.
Common dues in Swedish ports for Swedish and foreign vessels are: lastage,
pilotage, light-dues, tonnage fees to the Seamen’s Register Offices, harbour-dues,
and land money.
The lastage, which 1877/85 was 14 öre per ton, is from 1885, 10 öre
(1*3 d.) per ton according to bill of tonnage. These dues are paid each time on
arriving and on leaving. If a vessel makes several voyages during one civil year
between Sweden and a foreign port, the dues are paid only when leaving for the
first voyage, and on arriving again only when the vessel carries cargo and unloads
more or less of it, whereby a vessel is considered in ballast when the cargo
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