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982
XIII. INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS OF SWEDEN.
The Bridge across the Rivet- Öre elf.
has 9,593 km. of ordinary gauge lines and 2,779 of narrow gauge
(cf. Table 152, p. 977). Of the narrow gauge lines 70 % have a width
of 0’89i meters, 18 % a width of 1-06:; the remaining 12 S are divided
on five different gauges down to 0’6 meters, which last exceedingly small
gauge (the >Kosta System») is met with on some of the smaller local
lines of a length of altogether 105 km.
The weight of rails per meter on the Government railways varies between
40"5 and 27’5 kilogs. Besides those lines in the extreme North of Sweden which
are designed for the carriage of ore, the chief lines south of Uppsala are already
partly provided with rails of the first above-mentioned weight, and will be more so
in process of time as supplies are granted. The weight of rails on the ordinary
gauge private lines varies between 40’5 and 17-2 kgs., and on the narrow gauge
between 21-s and 9-o kilogs. per meter.
On the Government lines steel rails are for the most part used, on the private
lines both steel and iron rails. The rails are generally of English, German, or
Belgian manufacture. On the larger broad gauge lines the highest gradient is, as a
rule, 1 and the smallest radius of curvature 300 meters. A number of stations
on the chief lines of Government railways have been provided with modern
shunt-locking and safety signaling apparatus, on some of the stations in connection with
a central adjusting office.
The ample supply of wood in Sweden has up to now made the cost-price
of sleepers so cheap that their impregnation has not been considered economical.
Now they have, however, on the Government railways, begun to impregnate the
sleepers, for which purpose specially designed and portable apparatus are employed.
As a particular feature of the Swedish railways, one should notice the
numerous, in some cases splendid, railway bridges, more especially in Norrland,
which have been necessitated by the great number of rivers to be crossed. Many
of these can be regarded as good examples of Swedish engineering skill, and among
them should be chiefly mentioned the brigde across the Angermanelf at Forsmo,
which is 249m meters long, and has five arches, the longest of which is 76’*
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