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XVI.
LABOUR LEGISLATION AND SOCIAL
STATISTICS.
Some of the questions that would naturally fall under the above
headings have been already treated of in the foregoing pages, more
especially in that part of the work which immediately precedes; as.
however, these topics are regarded with keen and especial interest at
the present time, it may be well to devote some attention to them here,
and to give a short summary of what has been done in Sweden; at the
same time the opportunity is embraced to attach to the account notes
upon kindred matters for which no place has been found in other
chapters.
1. LABOUR LEGISLATION.
The labour legislation of recent times owes its origin to the
condition of things produced by the rapid advance of manufacturing
industry; it is naturally most extensive in those countries where
agriculture and other means of livelihood have been to the largest extent
supplanted by mechanical industry. The manufacturing industries of
Sweden being of comparatively låte growth and their compass not yet
having attained to that of agriculture, it follows that labour legislation
still very largely rests upon the ancient economic conditions as its
basis, and in consequence often proves inadequate for the needs of the
present day with its new order of things. To take one example: it is an
easy matter for a working man or a servant, not only in the towns
but even, though to a less extent, in the country districts, to evade the
stipulations of the law concerning the relations of servants to their
employers, which are in many cases quite antiquated and out of date,
by avoiding to enter service under any of the particular forms therein
laid down. As far, however, as agricultural employments especially are
concerned, the laws of an earlier time are still of a sufficiently binding
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