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1067

(1904) Author: Gustav Sundbärg
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Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - XVI. Labour Legislation and Social Statistics - 1. Labour Legislation. By A. Raphael, Ph. D., D. C. L., Stockholm - Trade Unions. Strikes and Lockouts - Employers' Associations - Protection of Workers

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protection of workers.

1067

It is to be noticed in regard to the year 1902 that a »general strike» during
three days (in the month of May), involving 120,000 workmen and thus
representing 360,000 workdays lost, is not included in the above figures, this strike
being of a mere political character (demonstration for the universal suffrage).

Employers’ Associations.

The organization, in modern form, of the employers has taken place only in
the latest years. In 1903, a special contest organization was formed, viz., the
Centrala Arbetsgivareförbundet (Employers’ Central Association), which gained
a rather great adherence, especially among the owners of mechanical works. The
extent of the organization was displayed in the contest of 1903 within these
works, when a lockout involving 14,283 workmen was proclaimed by 76 employers.
This lockout led to the appointment of a Committee, consisting of employers
and workmen, which has quite recently (in 1904) presented a proposal for a
permanent, satisfactory arrangement of the relation between employers and
workmen in the said industry. — The Centrala Arbetsgivareförbundet has entered
into connection with the organization recently formed among the Swedish
Craftsmen, an account of which organization will be found in the preceding, on page 901.

Protection of Workers.

Stipulations on this question have been issued regarding minors, women,
and — in certain cases — workers in general. The number of people engaged
in industrial and mining work in 1901 — with women and minors counted
separately — will be seen in Table 165.

Minors. As far back as at the time of the Guilds, a restriction in children’s
work was settled. The minimum age for being engaged as an apprentice was in
the guild regulations of 1621 fixed at 14 years of age, »more or less»; in that
of 1720, at 14. The court of industry regulations of 1739 and 1770, referring
to the textile industry, to iron and steel manufacture, as well as to other
manu-factural trades, set down the age for being admitted as an apprentice, or
so-called »learning child», at »10 or 12», with the duty enjoined on the employer
of affording the children due instruction in reading and religion, at times when
this most conveniently could be done. In the law of 1846 the age determined
was 12, and the manufacturer was bound to certain duties considering the health,
morality, and instruction of people engaged to work for him. In 1852 a penalty
was ordained to be inflicted on whomsoever did not follow these directions, and,
besides, night-work was forbidden for a workman under 18 years of age. The
ordinance of 1864 about liberty of trade, setting down the same stipulations
about age and night-work, also formulated certain other duties to be observed by
a tradesman towards his assistants, which, however, in general remained rather
ineffectual. In the ordinance of 1870, respecting precautions to be taken against
necrosis among the workers when manufacturing matches or detonators, for the
make of which common phosphorus is used — it was stipulated that for the
preparation of the priming composition or the dipping of the matches in it,
workers under 15 were not to be used. In the ordinance of 1896, which replaced
that of 1870, the defense is extended to people under 18, and, besides, it is
stipulated that no one below 14 years of age must be employed at the drying or
packing up of matches.

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