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1080 xvi. labour legislation and social statistics of sweden.
A closer investigation showed, however, that these considerable differences
only in a less degree conld be attributed to the direct influence of the trade.
The death-rate principally depends on whether the trade is preferably carried on
in the country or in the towns, and whether it gives more or less opportunity
to early and numerous marriages. A feature of importance is naturally also
that to some trades particularly people of strong constitution devote themselves,
to others mostly persons of weak health.
The investigations in question included also the cause of death for our
factory-men as well as for certain other trades. As to the towns, the result might
be considered fully reliable, and it shows that for male workmen death in 43’2 %
was caused by affections of the respiratory organs, while violent causes of death
took away 11 -s %, disorders of the digestive organs 9"i %, diseases of the brain
and nerves 7-s infectious diseases 7-« constitutional diseases 7-5 %, diseases
of the circulatory organs 5’s %, of the urinary and sexual organs 5-6 %, other
diseases 2-1 For the special trades there are great differences, but the absolute
figures are often so small, that the result is uncertain. Besides, the elaboration
of the material is in this case less satisfactory than otherwise, which prevents
the drawing of further conclusions.
C) Communal investigations. In this respect we may mention the
social researches in Gothenburg, in the sixties, that lead to tie celebrated
»Gothenburg system», and the comprehensive investigations into the
dwelling conditions in Stockholm, at the general enumerations in 1894
and 1900, and still more detailed at the special enquètes of 1896 and
1902, concerning which see p. 1084.
D) Private investigations. The principal ones are those published by
the Lorén foundation, established according to a will of V. Lorén (1858/85)
and before mentioned in this work. Most of these works treat the social
conditions of Sweden, partly on grounds not before investigated, and
are mostly of rather high value.
Of series of works in question we may mention the before quoted investigations
by U. von Feilitzen, concerning the economical position of our agricultural
labourers, and the many-sided investigations of J. Leffler with respect to the woman’s
work in Stockholm; further investigations concerning the conditions of life of the
harbour-workmen in Stockholm by K. Tengdahl; The consumption of provisions of
Swedish workmen by E. O. Hultgren and E. Landergren; The studies of the
history of the system of wages in England by G. Steffens, etc.
Here is also to be mentioned the rich statistic material gathered in
our days by the Trade-Unions, which in the future may probably be
very much enlarged; then this material may also be object of a more
uniform and concentrated elaboration than hitherto, as a rule, has been
the case.
E) The offloial Labour statistics. At the Riksdag of 1893 a
motion was made by Mr. Ernst Beckman concerning the effectuation of
an official Swedish labour statistics, on account of which the Riksdag
decided an investigation to be made concerning the most suitable way
of arranging one. The Government proposed in 1895 to establish for
the purpose a special bureau of statistics, but the Riksdag then only
granted a supply for experiments, the execution being commissioned to
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