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34
III. RURAL HUSBANDRY.
countries and the consequent fall in the price of this product had resulted
in a comparative diminution in the cultivation of grain crops.
It is true that the prices of grain, partly in consequence of the duties
introduced in 1888, have risen, so that the cultivation of grain has once more
become profitable, but the production of milk for butter-making purposes has,
however, still retained its position as the farmer’s principal permanent source of
income, and attention is paid in the first place to the development of cattle
into rich milk-producing stock. Very successful efforts have, however, been
simultaneously made to increase the returns given by the arable land, and
also to the production and export of cattle intended for consumption, of pork,
and of meat. The increasing export of store-cattle met with a severe blow
during the nineties by the import prohibition then issued by England, in
order to prevent the spread of infectious cattle-diseases, regulations which have
also been promulgated every now and then by Norway, Denmark, and Germany.
During the last few years, however, since slaughter-houses began to be erected,
the export of pork and meat has attained very considerable dimensions, and the
export to Germany of living cattle, too, has also become a considerable source
of income for Swedish farmers.
Peasant farm-houses, near the river Torne älv in Upper Norrland.
While, in Sweden as in most other countries of Europe, agricultural produce
has become more and more unable to satisfy the increased demands of the
population for the necessaries of life, the returns made by the land have
considerably increased, especially during the last few decades. As far as the general
position of agriculture is concerned, Sweden occupies a very prominent place,
and the best developed Swedish agriculture does not suffer by a comparison
with the best in any other country.
Various factors have contributed to this progress. Important auxiliaries, such
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