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the cultivation of cereals. 51
Table 13. Harvests in Different Countries, 1901—10>
All kinds of grain2 Harvest in quintals per hectare [-Potatoes
thousands-] {+Pot- atoes
thous- ands+} of hectares harvest, thousands of quintals [-quintals-] {+quin- tals+} per hectare wheat and spelt rye barley J oats [-quintals-] {+quin- tals+} per hectarc
Belgium........ 706 16 446 23 3 23 6 21-7 27-3 24l 1601
Holland........ 445 8 814 19 x 22-4 16-7 26-0 220 132-2
Great Britain & Ireland 3191 61 040 19 l 21-4 17-6 191 18-4 135-0
Denmark..... . 971 17 863 18-4 27-8 17-3 20-7 16’9 124 5
German Empire .... 13 866 245 329 17 7 19-6 16-3 190 18-3 1351
Norwav........ 158 2 457 15-6 15’9 16-0 17-7 14-7 144-3
Sweden........ 1511 20 548 13-6 18 8 14-1 14-4 12-6 96-6
France ........ 12 932 164 507 12-7 13’6 10-6 12-9 12-0 84-fi
Hungarv....... 9 743 121157 12 4 11 9 111 12’2 10-7 77-1
Austria........ 6 431 78 745 12-2 12-8 12-4 13-5 10-9 104-0
Rumania....... 4 916 52 118 10-6 11-8 8-8 9-6 8’5 31-4
Italy......... 6 785 69 410 10-2 91 — — — —
Bulgaria....... 2120 20 712 98 101 9-5 10-3 7-9 390
Spain......... 6 846 65131 9-5 9-0 8-2 10-9 7-7 —
Servia ........ 1 157 10 395 9-0 8-7 6-5 8’1 5-5 32-3
Russia in Europe . . . 79 008 568 187 7-2 6-7 7-2 7-9 7 3 68-8
Europe........ 148 669 1 502 212 10l 9-6 9 2 16’1 10-7 —
Canada ........ 5 762 76 985 13-4 131 — 161 13-2 —
U. S. A........ 73 465 990 732 313-5 9-6 99 13-8 10-6 62-3
1 According to "Annnaire international de statistique agricole de 1’institut international
d’agricnlture". Rome 1912. — 2 Wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize. — 3 The high general
figures for the harvest of the U. S. A. are due to the maize, which yielded 16’4 quintals per
hectare.
country may be also mentioned Kristianstad Län and the plains surrounding
the great lakes of Central Sweden, together with Gottland and Öland, although,
as regards the crops per area-unit, the regions mentioned do little more
than just exceed the average for the country. In this respect, on the other
hand, the Läns of Gävleborg and Kopparberg occupy a prominent place in
spite of their comparatively northerly position, the explanation of this fact
probably being in an essential degree due to their abundant supplies of manure and the
very careful attention paid to its conservation, shown especially by its mixture
with peat- and humous-earth, which has been universally used in these districts
from very early times. But, in other respects too, agriculture in both these
läns has, from early times, occupied a comparatively high position. If we except
these two läns, the highlands and forest-lands of the country are below the
average of the cultivated plains of Sweden, both as regards the area producing
cereals and as regards the relative amount of the cereal-harvests.
The share of the various kinds of cereals in the harvests of the country has,
during the course of time, undergone considerable change, as may be seen by
Table 11 and the diagram p. 49, below1.
In earlier times, barley was the grain that was most cultivated in Sweden, but
it has gradually become of lesser importance, so that, at the present day, only a
comparatively small area of cultivated ground is devoted to this cereal, with the
exception only of Upper Norrland where its earlier ripening gives it an
advantage over other kinds of grain. In extensive tracts of the four northern-
1 Calculated according to weight. In 1560 according to H. Forsell’s calculations, which do
not embrace the provinces which, at that date, belonged to Denmark or Norway, otherwise
the place occupied by the wheat would be a somewhat more prominent one.
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