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the cultivation of cereals. 63
Table 19. Imports and Exports of Barley. Quintals.
Annually Imports Exports Excess of imp. (—), exp. ( + )
1816—20 . . 60 826 2 079 - 58 747
1821—30 . . 19 085 14 730 — 4 355
1831-40 . . 39 304 18 212 - 21092
1841 - 50 . . 8 618 67 121 + 58 503
1851 -60 . . 33 968 191025 + 157 057
1861—70 . . 50 048 243 702 + 193 654
1871—80 . . 77 372 349 560 4- 272 188
1881-90. . 80 3i!0 235 467 + 155137
1891—00. . 62 359 20 236 — 42 123
1901—10. . 24 871 871 — 24 000
1911 .... 12 795 53 795 + 41000
1912 .... 61 32 774 +■ 32 713
1913 . . . . ! 122 12 753 + 12 631
ployed for bread, so that the barley-crops, though diminished, have long been
more than sufficient for the home consumption. From the beginning of the
last decade of the 19th century, however, the home production has not been
equal to the demand in all years, so that the import of this kind of grain, too,
ofted exceeds the export. In the last years, however, a considerable excess of
exports is again to be noted.
The barley harvest is, nowadays, employed only to a small degree for human
food, and then in the form of meal and shelled grain; its chief use is for
fodder and, in the case of the better sorts, for double-rowed barley, for the
manufacture of brewing-malt.
In the north of Sweden, and also in the southern highland districts, the
early ripening bere or six-rowed (very often but incorrectly called four-rowed)
barley is grown exclusively and even on the clayey soils of the plains this
variety is in fairly general use for grain- and straw-fodder. The two-rowed
barley, which is more exacting as regards the fertility of the ground, and is
especially fond of a soil rich in lime, is cultivated over larger areas, chiefly in
the marl-districts of the country, South-Western Skåne, Gottland, Öland,
Östergötland, Närke, and Uppland, and in the first three of the tracts mentioned,
yields very fine malting barley. Of the six-rowed barley chiefly old native
varieties are grown, while, on the other hand, the varieties of two-rowed barley
(Sw. gumrik, flättring, grovkorn), which have been grown from very early
days, have, in a great measure, been ousted by higher-class, selected sorts,
chiefly obtained from the Sowing Seed establishment at Svalöv. Among these are
new strains of the English Chevallier barley, the Princess- (selected out of
Prentice), the Hannchen- and Primus barley.
Oats, which, in earlier times, were grown on only a very small part of the area
devoted to agriculture, and then chiefly on meadow-land temporarily under
cultivation, have since come to occupy an increasingly prominent place among the
cereals of Sweden. While, at the beginning of the 19th century, oats were
grown on only little more than one-fifth of the cereal-bearing soil, and gave a
Table 20. Imports and Exports of Oats. Quintals.
Annually Imports Exports Excess of imp. (—), exp. ( + )
1816-20 . . 5 214 4 308 — 906
1821-30 . . 3 954 15 806 + 11852
1831 -40 . . 7 992 39 994 + 32 002
1841—50 . . 109 146 697 + 146 588
1851—60 . . 2 099 426 261 + 424 162
1861—70 . . 2 851 1 381 059 + 1 378 208
| 1871—80 . . 7 970 2 405 272 + 2 397 302
1881—90 . . 29 307 1 977 100 +1 947 793
1891—00. . 117 735 878 991 + 761256
1901—10. . 690 528 90 218 — 600 310
1911. . . . 1020 519 280 918 — 739 601
1912. . . . 972 888 52 368 — 920 520
1913. . . . 643 362 683 723 r 40 361
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