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live-stock.
91
tion is made so that 1 head of horned cattle is estimated as = 2/3 horse =
10 sheep = 12 goats = 4 pigs = 5 reindeer. In addition, 2 foals or calves
are calculated as being equal to one full-grown animal of the same kind. If
we employ this method of calculation, we obtain the following figures for 1911,
for the year immediately preceding it, and also for the last years in the
quinquennial periods back to 1860 — 65:
Per 1 000 hectares of:
y„„ n „ Per 1000 cultivated
Year Cattle-units . , ... , ,, , , . ,
inhabitants the total area land and
meadow
1911..... ..... 3 566140 641 87 708
1910..... ..... 3 617 472 655 88 720
1905 ..... ..... 3 406 961 643 83 674
1900 ..... ..... 3 429 217 668 83 679
1895 ..... ..... 3 367 999 685 82 673
1890 ..... ..... 3183 816 665 78 632
1885 ..... ..... 3 093 955 661 76 626
1880 ..... ..... 2 891 100 633 71 594
1875 ..... ..... 2 863 006 653 70 613
1870 ..... ..... 2 622176 629 65 578
1865 ..... ..... 2 591037 630 65 608
As may be seen above, the increase in the number of cattle-units has
continued throughout all the five-yearly periods, with the exception of the last but
one, the period 1901—05. The relation of these figures to the area has been
thereby so improved that, in 1910, it was more satisfactory than at the close
of any of the previous periods, both as regards the total area of the country
and also in respect to that’ of the cultivated land and pasture. It was natural
that there should have been a considerable decline in 1911, as there was an
unfavourable fodder harvest that year.
That the number of the live-stock must be reduced during bad fodder years
can be best understood, if we remember how much such a year costs the
country in "support fodder" i. e., the food that is required merely to support life,
and, consequently, apart from the cost of the "production fodder", or that extra
supply of food stuffs, from which milk, meat, and draught-power is produced.
The cost of this support fodder probably amounts to about one million kronor
daily, or, if we disregard the value of the grazing fields, to about 300 million
kronor per annum. With these figures before our eyes, we cannot be surprised
that the State has found it true economy to devote money to measures to lead
the cattle-rearing industry into the right track.
Of all the läns of the country, that of Malmöhus possesses the largest and,
from a qualitative point of view, the foremost stock of cattle, and is,
consequently, as regards live-stock husbandry, the most important of Swedish läns,
although far from being so with regard to the production of grain and
root-crops. Next to Malmöhus Län, both in respect of live-stock and of the
grain-and root-crops, come the läns of Skaraborg, Kristianstad, and Östergötland.
As regards the relation of the number of live-stock to the total area of
cultivated land and meadows, the läns of Kalmar, Malmöhus, Göteborg och
Bohus, Jämtland, and Västernorrland, boast very favourable figures. The lowest
places in this respect are held by the Läns of Värmland, Kopparberg, and,
particularly, Norrbotten apd Västerbotten.
Table 25 is given to illustrate the position of live-stock in Sweden, as regards
the imports and exports of farm-yard products and the like.
The later years were distinguished by a marked improvement with regard to
the export of farm-yard products. This improvement was most pronounced in
1911, above all in respect to the trade in live-stock, meat, and pork.
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