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106

(1914) [MARC] Author: Joseph Guinchard
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Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - III. Rural Husbandry. Introd. by H. Juhlin Dannfelt - 2. Live-Stock - Bee-keeping. By N. Rosén - 3. Dairies and Dairy-Industry. By L. G. Thomé

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106

iii. rural husbandry.

tant of minor industries, and during the last few years it has really made
considerable progress. However, there are still many places where it has to fight
its way, and large profits are lost owing to bad methods: a large part of the
nectar secreted from the flowers, instead of being collected and made productive,
is allowed to go to waste. When we remember that a community of bees as
a rule yields a yearly income which on an average equals its initial cost,
and that bee-keeping requires comparatively little time, it becomes clear that
bees are, relatively speaking, the most profitable of our domestic animals. For
people of small means who wish to eke out their incomes and procure a certain
amount of comfort and well-being bee-keeping is a factor to be reckoned with.
Bees bring in many thousands of kronor in the form of honey and wax; but
the indirect advantage that accrues from them in the fertilisation of plants may
be said to be far greater. Thus these small workers ought to be welcomed
more heartily than is at present the case in Sweden, where there is pasture
enough for a far larger number of bee communities. In 1911 the bee-swarms
numbered at least 120 000, while the annual production of honey may be
computed at about 600 000 kg; and of wax, at 10 800 kg.

For the import and export of honey and wax, see Table 25.

3. DAIRIES AND DAIRY-INDUSTRY.

We give below a short history of the development of the dairy-industry
in Sweden, together with an account of the present condition of the
industry, and, in this connection, a summary of the measures taken during
the last few years for the promotion of this important branch. In
connection with this subject, too, a few words will be devoted to
dairy-machines and implements, in regard to the invention and manufacture of
which, Sweden can, without contradiction, be considered as a pioneer
country.

The development of the Dairy-Industry.

The dairy-industry has ancient traditions in the agricultural industry of
Sweden, for it can be traced back nearly 700 years; almost to the close of
the 16th century, cattle breeding and the manufacture of butter and cheese
were important and lucrative national industries. Then succeeded, however,
long periods of stagnation and decline, the small quantity of milk produced, over
and above that required for daily needs, being worked up at home under
the superintendence of the farmer’s wife or some woman servant. It was
not before the middle of last century that a change for the better set in
in this respect, but at first it was only on a few large estates that systematic
dairying was commenced, in "Manor-farm dairies" as they were called. In 1840
R. Tornérhjelm established a dairy on his estate, Gedesholmen, in Skåne,
on the so-called Holstein, or "open-pan system", and engaged dairy-hands
from Holstein to manage it. The method, however, never gained any great
support, and the same may be said of that invented by P. U. Gtissander and
called after him. In certain respects, however, the last-mentioned method has
contributed in no little degree to the development of Swedish dairying, more

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