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iii. rural husbandry.
test, each of the dairies taking part in the testings is informed of the quality
of its butter and of the faults that it may possibly possess; 3) a registered
butter-mark is provided for the dairies taking part in the testings which
have carried out the conditions prescribed, so that the foreign markets may be
in a position to recognize Swedish export butter of the very finest quality by
its special mark. The direction of the butter-testings, which are carried out
under the superintendence of the Board of Agriculture, is in the hands of a.
committee consisting of representatives of the Agricultural Societies which make
grants for the testings, of an administrative committee, and, finally, of a
butter-mark committee. The chief manager of the testings and of the
butter-marking-control is a specially appointed butter-expert.
The dairy-section of the apparatus-testings at Alnarp assists the dairies in
the choice of suitable apparatus and machinery by means of its reports on the
results of the experiments carried out. Dairy- and Dairy-farmers’
Associations-are also important factors in the promotion of dairy-farming, and there exist
several different varieties. Their object is to bring about discussions on questions,
relating to dairying, and to procure for their members the advantages accruing
from community of purchase and sale, etc. Such associations arose as early as.
in the seventies, but it is only during the last decade or two that they met:
with any great support. — The dairy-experts and the teachers of dairying have
also combined for the protection of their own interests, and to assist in
the-development of the dairying industry. The union is called The Swedish Dairy
Control Association and was founded in 1888.
Machines and Implements for Dairy-work.
Nearly all the great number of machines and implements employed in dairying
are manufactured in Sweden at different factories and works, which, in many
cases, turn out no other class of goods. The manufacture in question has become
a very important branch of the industries of Sweden, employing, as it does,
thousands of workmen and bringing into the country many million kronor every year.
Foremost among these manufacturing concerns stands the Aktiebolaget Separator,
one of the largest industrial firms in the country, which, in its splendid
workshops in Stockholm, turns out principally the well-known Alpha-separators, and
also milk-pumps, butyrometers, emulsors, etc. At present the works employ
1 000 men and 60 engineers and clerks. Upwards of 130 000 separators are
sold every year, to all parts of the world where dairying is carried on; of this
number, the Stockholm works supply about half. The total output is now
considerably in excess of 1 300 000 machines. The Company possesses
branch-works in America, Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and
Russia. Another important firm in this business is the Aktiebolget Baltic established
in 1904. The works are situated at Södertälje and employ about 250 men
and 25 engineers and clerks; the machines produced are hand- and power
separators, and during the last few years the so-called Baltic turbine-dairying-machines,
which have very rapidly gained a market in all countries engaged in
dairy-farming. The firm exports on a large scale, sales being carried out chiefly
through its own branch-offices and works in Riga, Berlin, Sydney, and New
York. Separators of different kinds are made at many other works, too, such
as Aktiebolaget Eskilstuna Separator; Aktiebolaget Gävle Separator; Aktiebolaget
Pumpseparator, Stockholm; Aktiebolaget Rotator, Södertälje; Aktiebolaget Salenius
verkstäder, Stockholm; Aktiebolaget Sveaseparator, Stockholm;
Separatoraktiebolaget Farna, Stockholm; Svenska Centrifugaktiebolaget, Södertälje.
Vessels and implements of tinned steel-plate, for use in dairies, are made by
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