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184
iv. forestry.
as a protection against drifting sand, or against the lowering of the
tree-limit. After proper investigations, such forests have been set apart in
the Läns of Jämtland, Västernorrland, and Kopparberg.1 The law
enjoins that timber-felling for other than domestic requirements may
take place only after a survey, which is made by the Forest Service, at
the cost of the State, when the owner of the forest is’ entitled to have
such a number of trees marked at once as is conformable with the
re-growth of the forest, and its permanent survival. Should it be necessary
to make great restrictions in the right of the owner to make use of the
forest, special regulations in the matter must be made; if the owner would
rather sell the forest than submit to such restrictions, the State can
expropriate the land. This last-mentioned regulation has not yet been put
into force.
The other private forests in Sweden are subject to the regulations of
the law dated July 24, 1903, respecting the care of private forests.
According to this law, in forests belonging to private persons,
lumbering must not be carried on in such a way, nor, subsequent to
lumbering-operations, may the ground be so treated, as to clearly endanger the
re-growth of the timber. If there has been such mismanagement of the
forest, the guilty person is obliged to take the steps necessary to secure
re-growth. If the lumbering rights have been made over by the owner
of the forest to another person, and the latter has been guilty of the
above-mentioned mismanagement, the owner is responsible for the necessary
restorative measures being taken. The burden of seeing that the law
in question is properly carried out rests on the Forest Conservation Board,
which must exist in every county council district where the law is in
force, and on the officials and inspectors of the said Forest Conservation
Board, as well as on the Forest Conservation Committees appointed by
communes affected.
The work of the Forest Conservation Boards is regulated in other
respects by the Royal Ordinance of July 24, 1903, respecting the Board
mentioned. Besides being entrusted with the task of seeing that the laws
dealing with the public forests are carried out, the said Boards have also
to promote the proper economy of the private forests by spreading a
knowledge of forestry, by making grants in aid of, and carrying out, the
work of forest-culture, by supplying seed and plants, and by taking other
measures calculated to promote improved forest economy. In addition,
the said Boards are entrusted with the administration of the Forest
Conservation funds obtained from fees received in the course of their duties,
or in any other way.
The first Ordinance respecting Forest Conservation fees was issued on
July 24, 1903; it was altered in 1908 and 1910, and appeared in a
new form on October 11, 1912. These fees are calculated on the same
principles as those adopted for the forest-excise, but are fixed at an
1 In addition to a drift-sand field in the island of Gottland.
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