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vi. mining and metallurgical industry.
air-dried wood is employed, the consumption of fuel is up to 20 % of the wood
to be charred, besides which all the gas generated in the charring is consumed.
In kilns where the heat is supplied directly, the consumption of fuel is
somewhat larger.
Coal. The Swedish coals will not do for coking, and they have not
been used in the actual iron-industry. On the other hand, since
the end of the year 1909 they are used in the production of "spongy
iron" (järnsvamp) at Höganäs in accordance with the Sieurin
process. Coal with 35 % of ash is there used for the reduction of the iron
ore concentrate, and coal with 50 % of ash for the generation of gas to heat
the reducing furnace. In 1912 altogether 74 050 hectoliters of these ashy
coals were employed for the manufacture of "spongy iron" and in 1913
114 760 hectoliters.
Coke. With the exception of gas-works coke and occasionally of small
quantities made in some cement factories for their own requirements, coke
is not made at all in Sweden. The coke works at Islinge near Stockholm,
in which furnaces on the Coppée system formerly were employed, were
closed down some years ago.
Peat. An account of the peat industry in Sweden will be given
in the sequel in the section: Manufacturing Industries. In the
manufacture of iron, peat is used almost exclusively as producer fuel. Peat coal
is not employed at all in the iron industry. Pulverised peat (torvpulver)
has been used experimentally during the last few years in reduction of
iron ore concentrate; these experiments, however, have not yet led to any
definite results.
Briquetting and Roasting of Pulverised Iron Ores.
Intimately connected with the problem of the concentration of iron ores
(treated in the section: Mining) is the problem of the further treatment
of the iron ore concentrate obtained in that process. Some part of the slick
can be used, and is actually used, in the state in which it proceeds from the
concentrating works; a smaller portion is roasted and sintered in flame
furnaces; the major portion is pressed into briquettes, which are afterwards
roasted and burnt in furnaces constructed expressly for that purpose.
Table 52. Output of Briquettes in Sweden.
Year From slick tons From purple ore tons Total tons
1903 .... 4 205 4205
1904 .... 14 011 — 14 011
1905 .... 29 600 15 875 45475
1906 .... 60 925 21171 82 096
1907 .... 138 434 49168 187 602
1908 .... 202 516 31320 233 836
1909 .... 141 936 34 620 176556
1910. . . . 252 719 62 751 315 470
1911 . . . . 248 809 45 277 294086
1912. . . . 279131 58168 I 337 299
1913 .... 333 252 64 345 397 597
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