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300
vi. mining and metallurgical industry.
The process calls for a very high temperature in the furnace, from
1 500° to 1 800° Celcius, according to the carbon-content in the product
to be made — to render it possible to tap the metal from the furnace in a
molten state. The raw materials are pig iron, steel-scrap and iron ore
in varying ratios. By the action of the oxidizing furnace-gases, and
secondarily by the action of the slags, the silicon, manganese and carbon,
and, in the basic method, also the phosphorus and sulphur are more or less
completely removed in the process.
Photo. Gehrman, Hedemora.
Converter at Work (Långshyttan.)
The open-hearth method immediately attracted attention in Sweden,
and L. Rinman went to Sireuil in order to study it on the spot. On
Rin-man’s return to Sweden, the first experiments with the new process were
started under his superintendence, and with the financial support of
Jernkontoret, at the Munkfors Iron Works: this was in 1868. A
regenerative heating furnace which already existed there was transformed
into an open-hearth furnace, for the purpose of experiment. In the
following year a heating furnace at Hellefors in Södermanland was similarly
revamped, and the first real open-hearth furnace in Sweden was
constructed at the Kilafors Works in Hälsingland.
However, the process was tardy in its development. The few works
who experimented with it employed small furnaces of from 1 to 2 tons
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