Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - VII. Manufacturing Industries. Introd. by [G. Sundbärg] K. Åmark - 2. Textile and Clothing Industry. By G. Sellergren
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376
vii. manufacturing industries.
and with a production-value of about 1 1/2 million kronor), and the
Skånska jutefabriks-aktiebolaget, Hälsingborg. These manufactories have
exceedingly varied productions, comprising jute-yarn, netting yarn, mat
warp, string, rope, etc., and sacking, packing, mattress and decoration-cloth,
saddle-girths, and mats. Jute is also used in certain factories, together
with wool or cotton, for curtain- and furniture-cloths, as well as carpets.
The eight jute-factories of Sweden employ 1 560 workpeople, and the
average annual value of their production is 9 000 000 kronor.
The value of the manufactures at Swedish flax and hemp spinning-mills
was, in 1912, 3’60 million kronor, and at the weaving-mills, 4’86 millions; at the
jute spinning-mills 4’47 million kronor, and at the weaving-mills 4’80 millions.
(The calculation include overlapping, as the production figures in general.)
The imports of linen and hemp goods are, as regards quantity, shown by
Table 82. The values of the several imports were: flax, 2’28 mill, kronor;
hemp, 2’i7 millions; hards, 0’60 million; jute, 2’98 million, yarn and thread for
0*78 million, and flax, hemp, and jute textiles 2’22 millions; total 10’93 million
kronor. The import of linen has increased, but not sufficiently to compensate
for the above-mentioned decline in the home production.
Certain other ilbrous materials have been used for the manufacture of cloth,
although more by way of experiment. Special mention may be made of Prof.
H. v. Post’s experiments, made in the ’sixties, for the manufacture of yarn and
cloth from the down of plants, i. e. seed catkins of willows and osiers (Salix),
and of aspens and poplars (Populus), especially the down of Salix pentandra.
Other vegetable down-producing species, such as Eriophorum, Sonchus, Typha
etc., have been experimented with in Sweden, but all without practical results.
Another raw material made into home-manufactured cloth by the peasantry
in certain places, was the ordinary nettle (Urtica dioica), which was treated like
flax and produced a particularly good, strong, and long fibre. The cloth thus
produced rivalled linen in quality; it was exceedingly fine and strong and was
called "nettle-cloth", a name that has now been transferred to certain kinds of
thin cottons.
Of låte years, attempts have been made in Sweden to employ peat-fibre for
the manufacture of cloth (i. e. the stalk and root fibres of certain species of
Eriophorum), either alone or spun up together with wool. The fibre is generally
obtained as a by-product in the process of making peat-coal. Such cloth has
been manufactured at the Sahlström Manufactory in Jönköping, and the yam
spun with about 40 % of fibre and 60 % of sheep’s wool. The cloths which
have cotton in their warp and fibre yarn in their woof are fulled. This
manufacture has not, however, led to any practical result, probably from want of
perfectly satisfactory fibre and the special machinery necessary for cleansing
and spinning.
Silk Industry.
The Swedish silk industry, at present of exceedingly unimportant
dimensions, should be regarded as a relic from a time when the people and
the ruling princes always regarded it as essential to a country’s welfare
to introduce and encourage every industry at any price, whether there
was any probability of its flourishing in that country or no.
As early as in the middle of the seventeenth century, there was a silk
manufactory with 50 looms in Stockholm, and in 1673 one Jurgen Enhorn, from
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