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384
vii. manufacturing industries.
It is also necessary for Sweden to import considerable quantities of
these articles as well, while the export is much less. The chief import
is petroleum (lamp-oil), in 1912 to a value of 14-6 million kronor.
(Mine-ral-oils to a total value of 22-2 million kronor.) Then come fatty oils and
tallow to a value of 23-7 millions, about half going to the margarine
factories. The import of paraffine amounts to 837 000 kronor: india-rubber
to 14-2 millions, and oil-cakes to 23-4 millions, of which further details are
given below. The chief exports are tar (524 000 kronor), galoshes and
other india-rubber goods (6-17 millions). The total exports within this
group amounted to 10-5 million kronor in 1912.
Fatty Oils.
The only fatty oils Sweden produces on a large scale are: linsecd-oil and
rape-oil. They are derived from the corresponding seeds by means of pressure.
The leavings, after the process of pressing is completed, are used in the form
of oil-cakes, or ground as food-stuffs for cattle. Fish-oil was produced from
herring about the year 1890, when large shoals visited the west coast, in
connection with the production of herring-guano, though now the production is only
exceptional. The herring was boiled in water, when the fat rose to the surface
and was skimmed. What was left was pressed, and a new quantity of oil
obtained and more or less refined, before being placed on the market. The
refuse left in the press was then dried for herring-gauno (See under section:
Artificial Fertilizers). Train-oils are also produced, chiefly as a home industry
in connection with seal-shooting.
The total number of factories belonging to this group amounted in 1912 to
20, with 196 workmen and a productiqn-value of 9 641 000 kronor, of which
amount 5 198 000 kronor were for 70 295 quintals of linseed- and rape-oil, and
3 399 000 kronor for 276 948 quintals of oil-cake. — Fatty oils are used to a
large extent in making hard and soft soap, stearine candles, oil-colours, and
varnishes. The manufacture of oils and oil-cakes does not nearly cover the demand
of the country. The import is consequently considerable, as may be seen from
Table 87.
Table 87. Import of Linseed and Rape-seed, Fatty Oils and Tallows,
Oil-calies, and Train-oil.
Annually Linseed and rape-seed kronor Patty oils and tallows kronor Oil-cakes kronor Train-oil kronor
1871—80 ............ 1 340 000 2 526 000 1168000
1881—90 ............ 1 695 000 3 746 000 2 580 000 385 0001
1891-95 ............ 2 312 000 4 737 000 3 279 000 516 000
1896-00 ............ 2 718 000 7 019 000 4 268 000 539 000
1901-05 ............ 5 501 000 7 674 000 9 736 000 555 000
1906—10 ............ 5 557 000 13 447 000 16 812 000 503000
1910.............. 5 956 000 22 860 000 17 868 000 688 000
1911.............. 7 182 000 20 388 000 20 369 000 580000
1912.............. 7 227 000 23 715 000 23 382 000 518000
1913.............. 9 028 000 22 706 000 20 904 000 569 000
1 The figure 385 000 kronor expresses the average for the years 1886—90.
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