Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - VII. Manufacturing Industries. Introd. by [G. Sundbärg] K. Åmark - 10. Metal and Machine Industry. By Alf. Larson
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metal a ni» machine i.viu’stry.
441
machines of great value, such a* John Ericsson, Cuilsund. Palme run I g
(machine-guns), L. M. Ericsson (telephonic apparatus), Per Persson
(knitting machines), A. Lagerman (complete machines for the match industry),
J. G. Y. Zander (gymnastic treatment apparatus), Jonas Wenström
(electrical apparatus), de Laval, the brothers Ljungström, Wingquist, and
others.
Tthe centres cf the machine industry are the ’mechanical works and the
foundries. These are scattered all over the country in great numbers,
particularly in the coast towns and at inland places from which
communications are facilitated by means of lakes, canals, and railways. In the
choice of a situation for mechanical works, weight has often been attached
to the existence of a waterfall in the neighbourhood, the fertility of the
surrounding country and the proximity to large factories, such as spinning
mills, weaving mills, paper mills, etc. Even until about thirty years ago,
new mechanical works were established principally for the purpose of
carrying out repairs and supplying rough castings for the requirements of
agriculture and of factories. In order to be able to afford the hands
regular employment, these repairing works were soon obliged to devote
themselves to special manufactures, which however, as a rule, only consisted
of articles such as were used in the country and especially in the vicinity
of the workshop. Within the last few decades, however, an essential
change has taken place in this respect, and not only have the old
mechanical works been reorganized, but many new ones have been established and
equipped with the best modern machines and methods, in order to devote
themselves exclusively to special manufactures. In this connection may be
mentioned a more general use of moulding machines in the foundries,
together with grinding and cutting machines, when this can be conveniently
effected, in order to avoid the more expensive work on lathes and planing
machines. Finally, important improvements have been effected in many
establishments by the application of motive power and its distribution
hydraulically, pneumatically, or electrically, and by the introduction of
electric lighting, etc.
Swedish works have successfully competed at most of the large
international and other industrial exhibitions and have carried off well-deserved
prizes, and it is no longer unusual that foreign engineers and other
professional men visit the larger Swedish establishments for the purpose
of study.
According to the official statistics, the value of the goods produced by
the iron and steel manufactories, together with foundries and mechanical
works, amounted in 1912 to 290 134 000 kronor and have increased since
1900 by 154 %. It must, however, be observed that these sums include
also the value of a number of rolling-mill products, such as sheetmetal.
wire, titbes, etc. Some details with regard to manufacture, as also in
xespect of import and export, are given below.
It is worthy of notice that the proportion obtaining between the produe-
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