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historical.
51?»
The progress within several departments of civilization and culture
which has characterized the last decennium in Sweden has also made
itself felt in the sphere of commerce. With constantly increasing
commercial activity, modern commercial methods have gained an increasingly
firm footing, and thanks to a growing spirit of combination, Swedish
merchants have been able to make their influence felt even in the outer
world. Insofar as political conditions have placed no hindrances in the
way, the State has put into execution a number of the wishes submitted
to it since a considerable time back by the representatives of the
commercial world.
Amongst the measures that have thus been taken to promote foreign
trade may be mentioned the following, some of which have been
formulated by the Commerce and Shipping Committee, whose activities date
from 1898—1900.. By means of state-assisted steam ship lines to distant
countries, direct trade has been considerable facilitated, and a considerable
proportion of our trade has been snatched from the hands of powerful
intermediaries. So, for example, nearly all our coffee is now imported
direct from Brazil under the Swedish flag. Further, international traffic
has been facilitated by arrangements come to with regard to co-operation
with foreign railways. For the promotion of transit-trade, regulations
have been issued providing for refunding of customs charges on certain
favourable conditions, and for free stores and free ports. Increased state
grants have been made for studentships for the study of export- and
trade-conditions, and at the same time the State has made grants to institutions
intended for the communication of commercial intelligence and for the
spreading of information on trade questions. The consular service has
been modernized, and the administration, together with trade legislation,
has been reformed in the direction of facilitating foreign commerce.
The state now awards two kinds of travelling bursaries, with the object of
promoting trade, namely "export bursaries", intended for young men who wish to
work for the widening of the market for our articles of export, and "travelling
trade bursaries", which are intended to facilitate practical training. For each
group the State grants 20 000 kronor annually, which sum is suitably
distributed among the applicants. The stipendiaries are nominated by the
Government, and applications, accompanied by plans of the journeys proposed and the
work to be undertaken, and by calculations as to the amounts required, have
to be returned to the Board of Trade.
For information with regard to other arrangement mentioned here
see below and in special articles (cf. Index), viz: for regular steam ship
lines; for railway co-operation; for refunding of customs charges, free
ports, and free stores; for commercial information; for commercial
education; for the consular service and administration; for commercial
legislation.
Administrative matters to do with trade are dealt with by the Board
of Trade, of whose departments two deal with matters connected with
commerce and shipping, namely, one with home commerce and shipping,
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