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514
viii. commerce.
Total of Imports aud Exports with Foreign Countries.
The value of the commercial exchange between Sweden and foreign
countries (specialhandel; special trade) during the time since 1836 is shown
by Table 102 below. During the period 1836—40, it amounted to 57
million kronor annually, but in 1912 it rose to 1 545 millions. The
immense increase is partly to be explained by the fact that, before the middle
of the 19th century, Sweden still lay, as it were, outside the system of
international communications. The period between 1850 and 1870 is one
of transition in this respect to the modern state of things. An enormous
stride lies between the two periods 1866—70 and 1871—75; during the
former, Sweden’s commercial exchange amounted to 259 million kronor
annually, during the latter, to 451 millions, or nearly 75 % more.
In Sweden, as in the majority of European countries to-day, trade
statistics show an inferiority in the money-value of the exports in relation
to that of the imports. It is, however, hardly necessary to enter into a
discussion of the general principles underlying this circumstance, which
show that the difference is, at least in part, only apparent.
As to the very marked increase of imports into Sweden during the last
few years, this is partly to be explained by increased consumption, but
still more by an increased demand for raw materials and machinery for
the very flourishing manufacturing industries.
That the value of the exports has, in certain cases, shown a decrease
is partly explained by the fact of corrections having been made in the
commercial statistics, which formerly put too high unit-values on several
Table 102. Imports and Exports.
Annually Meau population Value, in kronor Kronor, per head of population
Imports Exports Total Imports Exports Total
1836-40 . . 3 083 000 27 216 000 29 887 000 57 103 000 8’83 9-69 18-52
1841—45 . . 3 224 000 29 149 000 33 519 000 62 668 000 9-04 10-40 19-44
1846-50. . 3 389 000 36 405 000 39 915 000 76 820000 10’74 11-78 22-52
1851-55 . . 3 558 000 60 144 000 61 738 000 121 882 000 16-90 17-35 3425
1856-60 . . 3 727 000 80 953 000 78 983 000 159 936000 21-72 21-19 42-91
1861-65 . . 3 993 000 100 826 000 92 467 000 193 293 000 25-25 23-16 48-41
1866-70 . . 4 166 000 132 626 000 126 723 000 259 349 000 31-84 30-42 62-26
1871-75 . . 4 274 000 246 372 000 204 525 000 450 897 000 57-64 47-85 105 49
1876-80 . . 4 500 000 268 506 000 209 856 000 478 362 000 59-66 46-64 106-30
1881—85 . . 4 605 000 317 526 000 243 699 000 561225 000 68-95 52-92 12187
1886-90 . . 4 742 000 335 527 000 272 629 000 608156000 70-76 57-49 128-25
1891 -95 . . 4 832 000 351 633 000 318 226 000 669 859 000 72-77 65-86 138-63
1896-00. . 5 032 000 452 324 000 358 581000 810 905 000 89-89 71-26 161 15
1901-05 . . 5 214 000 533 391 000 410 446 000 943 837 000 102-30 78-72 181-02
1906-10 . . 5 406 000 644 740 000 515 362 000 1160 102 000 119-27 95-33 214-60
1909 .... 5 453 000 616 806 000 472 980 000 1089 786 000 113-11 86-74 199-85
1910 .... 5 499 000 671 633 000 592 864 000 1264 497 000 122-14 107-81 229-95
1911 .... 5 542 000 696 617 000 663 575 000 1360 192000 125-70 119-73 245-43
1912 .... 5 583 000 793 714 000 760 626 000 1554 340 000 142-17 136-24 27S-41
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