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546
viii. commerce.
a person under age, a tradesman who has been placed under the charge of a
trustee, — provided that the husband or the trustee is willing for the business
to be carried on and assumes responsibility for the obligations incurred in
connection therewith by the wife or the minor or the ward respectively.
In certain cases a special licence is requisite for the carrying on of trade. Such
cases arise: firstly when a tradesman desires to dispose, in a short space of time,
of a stock of commodities at some other place than the one where he has
applied for the right to carry on business, or at a place where he has not yet
established permanent business premises, and in other manner than that
prevalent at a fair, for instance by auction or by private sale (Clearance Sales), and
secondly when a person desires to carry round articles himself or send someone
else round with them in his stead in a district other than that where he
resides for purposes of sale by other methods than those holding good at fairs
(.Pedlar’s Sales). The right to carry on a pedlar’s trade without a special licence
is, however, accorded to anyone who has lodged an application in writing
for the privilege of carrying on trade, at any place where, owing to the
application in question, business premises of a permanent character shall have been
established. Together with the application for a licence, written testimonials
must be handed in, certifying that the tradesman himself and the assistant
or assistants whom he intends to employ to aid him in the selling, are of good
repute for honesty and straightforwardness. Those who have not previously made
an application for the right to carry on trade are required also to hand in a
certificate of good character and a document to show that they are of age and
are in unrestricted possession of their own property; the last-named is not
essential for a married woman living with her husband, provided his permission is
attested to her project. The granting of a licence to a person to hold a
clearance sale as above delineated involves a fee of from 25 to 500 kronor.
The licence may be at any time withdrawn if due cause for such a measure
should be deemed to have arisen.
To the unrestricted enjoyment of the right of carrying on trade in Sweden
there are sundry exceptions, viz. for the occupants of certain official positions
such as tax collectors, public prosecutors, officials in the customs department;
the restriction applies likewise to the wives of these officials.
In certain cases there are special regulations in force concerning the kind of
business carried on. Among these are (a) the selling of corn brandy, potato spirit
or any other distilled spirituous liquors; (b) the selling of wine, beer, bottled
non-alcoholic beverages and small beer; (c) the trade in margarine,
margarine-cheese and artificial lard; (d) the selling of poisonous substances; (e) the trade
in medicines; (f) the trade in ether and in commodities containing either ether
or spirits; (g) the trade in explosives and inflammable oils; and (h) the import
and export of gold and silver goods. It ought to be mentioned that the
book-trade is excepted from the general trade legislation, the regulations for it being
given in the Liberty of the Press Law.
The Board of Trade has to consider and determine with regard to the holding
of fairs, their discontinuance etc., and for that purpose to hear the opinion of
the parties concerned. A list of fairs is published in the Official Swedish
Almanack.
With respect to assistants in shops and places of business the reader is
referred to the section of the present work dealing with Labour Questions.
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