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SPECIAL REGULATIONS FOR CERTAIN OCCUPATIONS.
697
assistants than those mentioned, the regulations as to civil rights, legal
majority, (attested by certificate), and notice of intention to carry on a
business, come into force just as in the case of ordinary trade. In cases
where the business to be is conducted in the name of a firm, the firm
name has also to be registered. Notice is filed with the same Authorities
as in the case of trade in the strict sense; the only exception being that
for any such business as a blast furnace, a foundry, a forge, iron works,
or other establishments intended for the utilization or refinement of the
products of the mineral kingdom, and not in the nature of a handicraft,
notice shall be given to the Board of Trade.
The business of a manufacturer or trader may be continued on behalf of
his heirs for a year after his death.
Obviously, the qualifications which the law does exact from a
manufacturer or trader are exacted in the interest of his customers or of his
assistants: the object of the registration is to ensure that a manufacturer
or trader does actually possess the required qualifications; it also serves
as a basis for taxation and statistical returns. Finally, it is useful for
purposes of Government supervision especially with regard to the mode
in which assistants are employed.
Special Regulations for certain Occupations.
There are certain occupations which are subject to more stringent regulationsr
bottoming in the solicitude of the State for the lives, the health, and the
property of her citizens, or proceeding from the necessity for some other form of
Government supervision.
Thus the State requires that anyone desirous of running a factory in which
chemical processes are employed, and where a mistake might entail danger of
fire or imperil life or health, shall produce evidence of his possessing the
necessary technical skill. No one is entitled to run a factory of the kind
com-templated, without showing to satisfaction that he either possesses personally
the technical skill required, or that he has engaged a manager possessing the
said skill. A certificate to this effect shall be annexed to the notice of
registration.
These special regulations apply principally to the following categories:
manufacture or refining of inflammable oils (Ordinance of 1875); manufacture of
explosives (Ordinance of 1897); manufacture of poisons (Ordinance of 1906) j
preparation of drugs (Pharmacy Regulations of 1819, with supplementary
statutes).
Further there are special regulations with regard to the manufacture of
margarine, margarine cheese, as well as artificial lard (Ordinance of 1905); the
manufacture of brännvin (spirits; Ordinance of 1907); and the manufacture of
malt liquors; Ordinance of 1907). Whereas the manufacture of margarine and
the like is supervised in order to prevent adulteration, the manufacture of
brännvin is supervised for purpose of the excise duty.
In certain cases there are special regulations as to the erection of factory
buildings. The Public Health Statute of 1874 imposes certain restrictions as regards
the erection, the equipment, and the running of certain insanitary factories and
other such establishments. Printing establishments shall be erected only in towns
or large villages, or within a certain radius of distance from them (Press Law).
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