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tion of the water, which however falls ontside the province of our more
particularly geological discussion.
In the chapter »Observata circa emollificationes duriorum et de origine
aetitarum, belemnitarum, etc.»96 mention is also made of the sandstone
at Liége referred to above, and a multitude of examples is also given
of how some kinds of rock have become soft, tliat is, undergone Chemical
weathering. For the special cases the original may be consulted.
From the chapter »Observatio circa stallactitas et chrystallisationes ex
lapidibus oriundas, et circa similitudinem earundem cum aqua congelata»171
it is evident that Swedenborg had a thoroughly correct conception of the
outer conditions necessary to the formation of stalactites. With reference
to the conditions in Baumann’s cave the formation of the stalactites
from the dripping water is pointed out, although naturally the
chcmico-physical process could not be explained in those times. Swedenborg
makes a preliminary comparison between the stalactites and the icicles
which hang down from the roof of a house. He endeavors to further
demonstrate that there are similarities not only between ice and stalactites
or minerals of the spar-group, which break up into cubes with square
sides1, but also between ice and quartz, which break up with triangulär
surfaces, forming pyramids, prisms or forms with parallelogrammic
sur-faces. That these have also been formed from aqueous solutions is
evident from the manner in which they arise. But here there appears
to be the difference that spar is derived from the water which trickles
through cracks, while quartz has its origin from the very pores and hard
mass of the rock.
The chapter »Observata de succo petrificante; quod non idem sit
cum aqua quae stallactiten ereet»177 stands in the closest connection with
the preceding. Af ter Swedenborg has given an account of the
charac-teristics of the water which forms the stalactites in Baumann’s cave he
points out that the bones of animals, (vertebrae, limb-bones, teeth, etc.),
x) The original here*76 reads as follows: >3. Quodque partieulae hujus secundi
generis lapidis [quartz, etc.] diversum plane situm trahere videantur, scilicet talem qui
pentagona, sexagona sive alias formas angulares inducat, quod videre est in
chrvstalli-sationum varietate. 4. Unde distinguitur hoc secundum genus a priori in eo, quod
hoc triangulariter, et in pyramidales, prismaticas et parallelogrammi formas, alterum
vero cubice et in plana quadrata frangatur; et vulgo appellari solet illud Quartzium,
hoc genus vero Spathum». Since in other places it is also repeated that spar splits
into cubes, it seems to be evident that even then Swedenborg had noticed the cleavage
forms of calcium spar.
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