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On the formation of mineral veins.
The remarkable chapter here referred to: »Rationes quod effluvia
vel particulae minerales influant in matrices suas et illas impraegnent
metallo, mediante aqua»,166 contains an especially interesting and complete
presentation of Swedenborg’s views regarding the formation of mineral
veins and ores, which he considers as having been caused by deposits
from solutions which had penetrated into the mountain cracks. To give
an account of this would itself demand a lengthy treatment, wherefore
he who is interested is referred to the original. The presentation, still
readable today, bears witness to Swedenborg’s thorough and
comprehen-sive observations in widely separated places in Europe and must be
considered as being especially excellent for the times in which it was
written.
Warm springs.
This subject is treated in the chapter: »Observata cum experimentis
de thermarum origine, calore et sale».85 Swedenborg first shows how
water, aside from gravity, can [on account of capillarity] pass up through
fine chinks (»Nullibi mélius surgere posse aquam supra horisontem sui,
tanqaam sponte, quam intra strata sive lamellas exiles lapidum»). In this
way the water of the springs is derived. In addition proofs are given
that fire may continue or heat be preserved for centuries if the access
of air be diminished. That a subterranean fire exists is certain, but it
is confined to certain portions of the earth’s crust. The presence of fire
is demonstrated by volcanoes, by mountains which send forth hot vapors,
and hy warm springs. These are derived from the water, which, rising
in the fissures, and of course being warmed by passing the hot strata,
issues at the surface of the earth as a warm spring.
In connection with this presentation an account is given of a
num-ber of experiments with water from the spring at Borcet near
Aix-la-Chapelle, and of the conclusions formed thence concerning the
com-position of the water.
On the interiör of the earth.
In the chapter »Observata circa opinionem de igne centrali»143
Swedenborg expresses himself in opposition to the opinion then prevailing
that the earth was liollow and its centre filled with fire. He thinks tliat
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