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(1921) [MARC] Author: Herman Lundborg
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n

Characteristical for the black oat sorts is the faet that their straw developes
relatively late but in return they stool much more luxuriantly, qualities which
make them especially suitable for the stift clay soils of Middle Sweden and which
at the same time give them a greater power of resistance against the Frit Fly
(Oscinis Frit), which otherwise can do much damage, especially if the sowing
has been late. Dr. Åkerman hopes to be able by Crossing to make the most
of this quality in the black oat sorts when continuing the improvement of white oats.

Of barley sorts the Prinsesskorn (Princess Barley, 1897), taken from Pren«
tice Barley, a sort, which originally came from England, and the Gullkorn (Golden
Barley, 1913), out of an old native land barley from the Island of Gotland are
still most generally grown in South and Middle Sweden. Besides these, both
Chevalier II (1900), taken from Horsfords Crossbred Chevalier from America, as
well as Svanhalskorn (Swan«neck Barley, 1899) and Primuskorn (Primus Barley,
1901) are still considered as the most suitable under growing conditions more
particularly suited to them.

The sorts of peas and vetches, which during the years 1900—1907 were put
forth from Svalöf have only just lately begun to get competitors. These were
in number 4 respectively 2 and all improved by line selection from foreign mixed
sorts. The Svalöf sorts of peas have by their considerably higher average yield
(the increase is 20 to 30 to 40 %o~) made the cultivation of peas much more pro«
fitable than hitherto.

The renewal of sorts of winter wheat has been the greatest, for the cultiva«
tion of all those pedigree sorts which were put forth first has been given up, these
being surpassed by new sorts with a still higher yield. These sorts at that
time however marked a great progress. The English Squarehead wheat produces
under favourable conditions and with sutficiently mild winters 50 % higher yield
than the Swedish land wheat. But, by reason of its lack of winter«hardiness
the average yield of the former sort was even in the most Southern parts of the
country scarcely superior to that of the latter sort. Thanks to a greater winter«
hardiness Svalöfs Extra Squarehead Wheat (1900), taken by line selection from
imported Squarehead, gave an increase of the average yield with about 12 %.
And the increase for Grenadier Wheat, a pedigree sort, taken from a Squarehead
sort, imported from Scotland about 1880, was not less than 20 %, despite a winter«
hardiness somewhat lower than that of Extra Squarehead. But Grenadier Wheat
has hardly been surpassed by any hitherto tested sort, when speaking of its
specific yielding power, by which is simply meant the yielding power of a sort
when this power is not lessened by too severe winters or by other temporary
causes. A chief quality of Grenadier is also its unusually stiff straw. For those
districts in Middle Sweden, which are more favourably lotted for wheat growing,
the Borevete (Bore Wheat, 1902) and the Pudelvete (Poodle Wheat, 1910), both
pedigrees taken from a sort imported from Holstein by Neergaard had an in«
crease of about 10 % of the average yield, when compared to native land wheat.

These sorts have now almost entirely disappeared. When improving winter wheat
by Crossing, these sorts, however, have been of great use as will soon be observed.

Crosses of both barley and peas were made to a great extent already about
1890 and also of winter wheat later on during the same decennium. All these

L

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