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-128
teknisk tidskrift
1 febr. 1930
portant industries it averages about 80 per cent.
Electric driving power used per workman averages
2,5 kW for all industry.
The electrochemical and electrothermal industries
were strongly developed during the years
immediately preceding the war. At present there is great
interest in the development of electric smelting
furnaces for iron and steel, and it is to be expected that
the more general introduction of electric processes
will cause increased consumption of energy,
parti-culary in central Sweden. A good milliard kWh is
consumed at present by this group af consumers.
The consumption for lighting and household use is
very moderate compared to the industrial
consumption, but very profitable on account of the higher
rates charged, and forms the economic basis of
municipal electricity works here as elsewhere. Rural
electrification is of interest in this connection, and
has been given a good deal of attention in this
country. During the war, consumption for this
purpose increased very rapidly ön account of the lack
of coal and oils. The abnormal conditions, however,
led to an over-capitalization of the plants built at
that time, but most of the consequences of this have
been put right during the last ten years, and a fairly
sound basis remains for the supply of power to the
rural districts, which is obviously of great value for
continued progress.
Railways and tramways do not account for any
large share of the consumption, but this will
certainly increase considerably during the next ten or
twenty years. In all probability the electrification
of the State railways will be continued, and at least
the trunk lines of central and southern Sweden will
gradually be electrified. Possibly some of the most
favourably situated private railwyas may follow suit.
An attempt has been made to estimate, from the
progress to date, the consumption within the next
ten years, and has resulted in the following figures
for effect and energy needed in 1940:
Group of Consumers kW mill. kWh
Towns ................... 275 000 1035
General Industry .......... 670 000 3 045
Electrolytical and electro-
thermal industries ....... 345 000 2 500
Trams and railways........ 350 000 875
Cooking and heating....... 100 000 500
Rural districts ............ 205 000 545
1,945 000 8 500
A considerable increase of consumption is thus
expected, but in comparison to the available power
resources it is still fairly moderate. Considering the
possibilities of extending the present plants in central
and southern Sweden, and the projects pending in
central Norrland, there will be no difficulty in meeting
these requirements.
Manufacturing industries.
As far as heavy manufactures are concerned, the
Swedish electroindustry has developed side by side
with the power production of the country. We have
already mentioned that ASEA in Västerås, the most
important Swedish firm in this branch, was founded
in the beginning of the 1880-s. Its progress has been
very successful. During the first "decades its business
was chiefly limited to the home market, but a
considerable export has gradually grown up and now
absorbs the major portion of the production.
Simultaneously an expansion has also taken place, .in so
far that, by the acquisition of other plants, the
company now also possesses steam turbine works
(Svenska Turbinfabriksaktiebolaget Ljungström, "Stal", at
Finspong), iron and steel works (Surahammars Bruk),
and finances electrical undertakings (through A. B.
Skandinaviska Elektricitetsverk, A. B.
Electro-Invest).
Subsidiary manufacturing companies are established
in England and Russia, and selling companies and
agencies in a number of European and extra-European
countries. The share capital is at present 85 mill,
kronor and the total number of employees at home
and abroad c. 8 000.
In the low-tension branch, Sweden also possesses a
firm of international repute, viz. Telefonaktiebolaget
L. M. Ericsson. This firm was founded as far back
as 1876, when L. M. Ericsson, a gifted workman and
inventor, began to manufacture mathematical and
physical instruments, at first on a very modest scale.
A year or two later, Ericsson became interested in
the as yet comparatively undeveloped telephones,
and began manufacturing them. The Ericsson
apparatus soon roused interest in the world market, and
the output increased rapidly. In 1886 Ericsson
transferred his business to a company, but his activities
were limited to manufacturing alone, while another
famous countryman of his, H. T. Cedergren,
established telephone services, using the Ericsson
material. Some time after the death of Cedergren,
the Ericsson concern absorbed his firm, and has
since both manufactured apparatus and supplied
telephone systems and services complete, lately in all
parts of the world. The concern also manufactures
a great deal of cables and conducting materials, and
since its chief competitor in this branch, the well
known Sieverts Kabelverk, founded in 1888, was
bought by them a year or two ago, this has been
further extended. The Ericsson company at present
has a share capital of 100 mill, kronor, and numerous
subsidiary companies, branches, and agencies in
Europe and in other continents. .<.
A third company of international type is the
Elektrolux, a comparatively new undertaking,
originally started for the manufacture of vacuum
cleaners, to which have later been added
refrigerators, washing machines, and other houshold
appliances. Thanks to good export organization, this
business in a very short time grew to unusual dimensions
for Swedish conditions. It may seem anomalous that
the Swedish export of vacuum cleaners, largely
composed of the Elektrolux product, has for a number
of years been about equal to and sometimes even
larger than our export of electrical machinery. During
the last few years, the manufacture for the more
important export markets has been more and more
transferred abroad. The present share capital of the
company is 60 mill, kronor.
Apart from thes three concerns, the manufactures of
electrotechnic materials are of more modest size,
even though several of them are fairly well known
in the world market. One of these is the A. B. de
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