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him. With untiring industry and almost incredible
patience he overcame those difficulties which to anyone
else would have seemed insurmountable.”
On July 9, the Gabriel started down the river, and on
the 13th the sails were hoisted. The crew numbered
forty-four men: namely, one captain, two lieutenants, one
second lieutenant, one physician, one quartermaster, eight
sailors, one saddler, one rope-maker, five carpenters, one
bailiff, two Cossacks, nine soldiers, six servants, one
drummer, and two interpreters. Bering’s point of
departure was the lower Kamchatka fort, situated 160°
50′ east of Greenwich, the variation of the compass being
13° 10′ E. The latitude of the cape at the mouth of the
Kamchatka River was determined as 56° 3′ N., which agrees
with the observations made by Cook, who was very near
this point on his last voyage. The day was reckoned from
12 o’clock at noon, on which account his dating does not
correspond with that of civil time; hence, the 16th of
August with him began on the 15th, at noon. The mile
of the journal is the Italian mile, which is somewhat
longer than the English mile. Bering’s course was nearly
all the time along the coast, in from nine to twelve
fathoms of water, and usually with land in sight to the
north and west. On July 27, they passed Cape St.
Thaddeus at a distance of three miles, and here the
sea seemed fairly alive with spotted whales, seals, sea-lions,
and dolphins. After having sailed past the Anadyr
River, without quite being able to find their bearings in
regions of which they had not a single astronomical
determination, and where they were not successful in
finding any natives, they finally, on July 31, saw land
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