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spoken of these geographical deformities, which assumed
the most grotesque forms, and were at that time accepted
by the scientific world. The version of the brothers
De I’Isle, which perhaps was the most sober, may be
seen from Map II. in the appendix.
By Strahlenberg (1730) and by Bellin and Charlevoix
(1735), highly respected names among scholars of that
day, Kamchatka and Yezo were represented as forming a
great continent separated by narrow sounds from Japan,
which was continued on the meridian of Kamchatka
and Yezo, and from an eastern chain of islands—Staaten
Eiland and Kompagniland—that seemed to project into
the Pacific in the form of a continent.
Kiriloff, who was familiar with Bering’s map of
eastern Asia, and made use of it, and who knew of the
most northerly Kuriles, made the necessary corrections
in his general map of Russia (1734), but retained, in
regard to Yezo and Japan, a strangely unfortunate
composition of Dutch and Strahlenberg accounts, and put
Nipon (Hondo) much too far to the east. In these
cartographical aids Spangberg found only errors and
confusion, and he got about the same kind of
assistance from his real predecessors in practical exploration.
Peschel tells that Ivan Kosyrefski, in the years 1712-13,
thoroughly investigated the Kurile chain; there is,
however, but little truth in this. Peschel gives G. F.
Müller as his authority and refers to his book, but the
latter says explicitly on this point: “ All of Kosyrefski’s
voyages were confined to the first two or three Kuriles;
farther than this he did not go, and whatever he tells
of beyond them was obtained from the accounts of
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