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Three Sisters, Zellany and Kunashir, in their proper situation, and
have entirely omitted the rest.”—Cf. O. Peschel’s account, p. 467,
2d Ed.
54. W. Coxe: An Account of the Russian Discoveries.
London, 1781.
55. The pre-Bering explorations of Northwest America did not
extend beyond the northern boundary of California, and had not
succeeded in ascertaining a correct outline of the country. In the
oldest maps of the new world, that of Ortelius (1570), Mercator
(1585), Ramusio (1606), and W. Blaew (1635), California is
represented as a peninsula; but on the maps of later cartographers
as W. Samson (1659), Wischer (1660), J. Blaew, Jansen (1662), Fr.
de Witt (1666), and Nic. Samson (1667), the country is represented
as an island, and this view was held until G. de L’Isle (1720)
adopted in his atlas the old cartography of the peninsula.
Gvosdjeff’s expedition to Bering’s Strait in 1732 is but slightly
and very imperfectly known in West Europe. It was undertaken
by Ivan Fedoroff, Moschkoff, who had accompanied Bering on his
first expedition, and the surveyor Gvosdjeff. Fedoroff is thus the
real discoverer of America from the east, and the world has given
Gvosdjeff the honor simply for the reason that the reports of
Fedoroff and his associate were lost and he himself died the year
after. There is an interesting account of this enterprise in Zapiski,
etc., IX., 78.
56. G. W. Steller: Reise von Kamtschatka nach Amerika. St.
Petersburg, 1793.
57. R. Greenhow: History of Oregon, California and the
Northwest Coast of North America, 3d ed., New York, 1845, p. 216.—W.
H. Dall: Alaska and its Resources. Boston, 1870, p. 257.—
Milet-Mureau: Voyage de la Pérouse autour du Monde, II., 142-144 and
Note.—Vancouver: Voyage, etc.—Oltmann’s: Untersuchungen über
die Geographie des neuen Continentes. Paris, 1810, II.
58. A. J. v. Krusenstern: Hydrographie, etc., p. 226.—
O. Peschel: Geschichte der Erdkunde, 2d ed., p. 463 and Note.
59. According to Wrangell, Dall and others, both Indians and
Eskimos inhabit this region. Clans of the great Tinné tribe,
Ugalenses, stay during the summer on the Atna River, and during
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