- Project Runeberg -  Through Norway with Ladies /
35

(1877) [MARC] Author: W. Mattieu Williams
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deepens and grows to a large basin, and how the
basin shallows afterwards, is next obliterated, and
a symmetrical cone with an oval base rises exactly
in its place, a temporary monument of ice,
marking the grave of the dead butterfly. But an
explanation of these curious phenomena would carry
me over too much space.

I must at present only add that moraines and
other glacier vestiges, such as smoothed and
striated glacier beds, rounded hill-tops and eroded
valleys, are found in such abundance throughout
north Europe and other parts of the world as to
reveal the existence of a geological period when
all the north of Europe was ice-bound, as
Greenland is at present, and when glaciers of great
magnitude extended far to the south. This period
has been called the glacial epoch. Further and
more detailed research has indicated the existence
of two or more such epochs during the later period
of the tertiary age, with an intervening warm
period or periods, and that human beings of a
very savage type lived in Britain and other parts
of Europe at this time.

The “till,” of which I have already spoken as
forming the bulk of the vast terraces that occupy
the valley of the Nid, is the lowest and probably
the most ancient of the glacial deposits. It

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