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There may have been ice extending much
farther, even across to Scotland, but it must have
been “floe ice,” due to the freezing of the sea, such
as our whalers and Arctic explorers encounter in
Smith’s Sound and in the Arctic Ocean generally,
or like the “paleocrystic ice” that checked the
poleward progress of the sledging parties of the
recent Arctic expedition. Doubtless there were
icebergs in abundance hereabouts, and probably a
great boundary wall of glacier ice stretching
across the northern portion of the Vestfjord or
channel between the Lofodens and the mainland;
but this wall did not reach so far as the
southernmost islands, which are but fifty miles from the
Scandinavian shore, and the gradual southward
decline of the glaciation boundary indicates its
gradual out-thinning seawards.
This view of the extent of the great ice age
merely supposes a glaciation similar to that now
existing in Greenland, but of greater magnitude,
extending farther southwards. None of the
Greenland glaciers now extend into the sea far
beyond the mouths of the valleys or fjords down
which they flow, and some of the most celebrated,
such as the Humboldt Glacier, do not reach so
far. It appears to me that the solvent action of
the sea in limiting the possible outspread of glaciers
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