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characteristic staircase formation is somewhat exaggerated
by exceptionally prominent development on this
particular promontory.
It may he fairly asked whether this weathering
has produced the precipitous character of the great
headlands since the glacial epoch. If so, the
argument which they afford against the hypothesis of
a great radial outspreading mer de glace from the
pole southwards falls to the ground. It may be
argued that the Arctic shore of Europe was
originally planed down as a northward slope to the
sea, but the waves have battered and undermined
the sloping promontories and left perpendicular
faces standing like our chalk cliffs, which certainly
have been formed in this manner by the waves.
A reply to this is presented, first, by the
hardness of the rocks themselves; and, secondly, by
the absence of a sea beach such as would be formed
by the material washed down by the waves, had
they done the great amount of work necessary for
the conversion of glaciated slopes into precipices
rising above 1000 feet out of the water. It is
only by undermining that the waves can cause
such precipitous faces, and the material that would
drop down from above must make a great heap at
the foot of each cliff. This heap, when formed of
such hard material as these, would resist the further
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