- Project Runeberg -  Through Norway with Ladies /
227

(1877) [MARC] Author: W. Mattieu Williams
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observations with the same unsatisfactory result,
especially as “ the deep valleys or outlets of the
fjeld ” display abundant evidences of glacier
planing, but have no moraines at all
commensurate with the work that has been done above.
This and some other difficulties were, as already
intimated, speculatively or suggestively solved on
reading the first edition of Geikie’s ‘ Great Ice
Age/ and this speculative solution was confirmed
by the crucial observations which my second visit
enabled me to make.

This brings me to my theory of the origin
of the till, which is simply that during the
period of maximum glaciation the sea was much
higher and deeper than at present, and that the
glaciers of Scandinavia, Scotland, Wales, North
England, and North America were thrust out
into the sea, their lower portions floating upon
the water, or just grazing the bottom of the sea,
or resting firmly upon it, according to the
thickness of the ice, and the depth of the sea at the
different parts.

What would become of the debris of the glacier
under these circumstances ?

The modern Alpine glaciers effect a sorting
of their debris. The heat of the summer’s sun
melts their surface, and forms the well-known

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