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have gapecl downwards instead of upwards, seeing
that, when they reached the sea and began to
float, the flotation must have produced such a
deflection from their original downward course
as would form a convexity facing downwards, and
thus have produced the inverted crevasses just
described.
In another important respect they must have
been, if I am right, an inversion of Alpine glaciers,
or more definitely speaking, of those portions below
the neve> or below the snow-line to which the name
of “ glacier ” is properly applied. In these glaciers
the chief waste, or thawing, occurs on the upper
surface—according to some authorities there is
even a growth below, due to regelation—and as
is well known, foreign bodies deeply imbedded in
the ice at the upper regions of Alpine glaciers
are ejected ultimately, and appear upon the upper
surface of the lower portions. My supposed
out-floating glaciers formed during the glacial epoch,
when the winter snowfall even at the sea level
was greater than all the summer’s sun could
thaw, would only thaw and thin out from below.
While on shore and grinding along the rocks
some degree of thawing would result from the
friction, and the heat communicated from the
earth’s interior, but the main source of their ex-
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