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SOME FOOTNOTES TO THE
HISTORY OF SWEDISH
IMMIGRATION FROM ABOUT 1855
TO ABOUT 1865
By GEORGE M. STEPHENSON
(Assistant Professor of History in the University
of Minnesota).
Emigration from Sweden to America began in earnest
in the decade of the fifties, although it was not until
after the close of the Civil war that Swedish-America
received its greatest additions. Prior to 1850 little was
known about Sweden and its inhabitants in the United
States. Gustaf Unonius, who led the vanguard of
Swedish immigrants, states that all Europeans who spoke
neither English, French nor Dutch were Germans in the
eyes of Americans. [1] It must have hurt the pride of
the Swedes who enlisted in the federal army to hear
themselves referred to as “Dutch” by American comrades
associated with them in the war to preserve the union. [2]
A Swedish Lutheran clergyman, journeying up the
Mississippi river to Minnesota in 1855, was surprised to find
himself labeled a Swedenborgian by a fellow traveler
who had been informed that he was a Swedish minister. [3]
[1] Gustaf Unonius, Minnen från en sjuttonårig vistelse
i Nordvestra Amerika (2 vols., Upsala, 1861, 1862), 1:31.
[2] Letter of Captain Arosenius from Little Rock,
Arkansas, November 9, 1864, in Hemlandet (Chicago, Ill.),
November 23, 1864.
[3] Hemlandet (Galesburg, Ill.), March 31, 1855.
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