Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - Some remarks upon the geographical distribution of vegetation in the colder Southern Hemisphere. By Carl Skottsberg. Botanist of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901—1903. With 2 maps, tabl. 8 and 9. - General survey of the austral of or palæooceanic (Engler) realm. - II. The subantarctic dominion. - 4. District of New Zealand. - A. Subantarctic New Zealand. - B. Province of Antipodes Islands, the Snares, Auckland and Campbell Islands. - C. Province of Macquarie Island.
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He points out that the distribution of subantarctic element is rather
altitudinal and formational than dependent on latitude. I have not
yet heard his opinion of Engler’s treatment of the subject.
A. Subantarctic New Zealand.
According to Schimper (34) and Diels (13) there seems to
be an important difference between the west and east sides of
the South Island, the subantarctic flora with beechforests and boggy
grassland prevailing only in the east. Possibly we might use the
frontier suggested on Schimper’s map.
B. Province of Antipodes Islands, the Snares, Auckland and
Campbell Islands.
Though nearly related to New Zealand, these isles are habitats
for a considerable percentage of endemic species (11).
C. Province of Macquarie Island.
I have already referred above to the exposition given by Cockayne.
It is probable that the vegetation of the ocean may be regarded
as characteristic and differing in many respects from other floras,
so that we are right in applying the attribute subantarctic also to
the marine algæ. It is not very easy to characterize this rich
flora in a few words. No one who has travelled round subantarctic
shores, has failed to pay attention to the »kelp» and it cannot
be denied that Macrocystis pyrifera Ag. and Durvillæa utilis Bory
put their stamp upon the landscape to an extraordinary extent (37);
it is of no consequence that Macrocystis has a farther dispersion
along the west coast of America, and up to south Australia. Strangely
enough it is never found at Heard Island (41); the reason for
its absence from there is not to be discovered without a careful
investigation of the place. The great mass of other algæ admit
also the existence of a circumpolar subantarctic zone.
The abundant occurrence even on open coasts of such a type
as Macrocystis shows, in my opinion, that this coast cannot be
very often blocked by pack-ice. I mention this specially because
the geographers, as we have seen before, draw the limit of pack-ice
to the north of South Georgia, where however Macrocystis luxuriates
in the same degree as in other subantarctic lands.
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