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io. THE SVERKER KINGS. UPSALA ARCHBISHOPRIC, in
Sverker kings opposed this honour, and their influence
with the papacy was strong enough to prevent it: but his
saintship was afterwards de facto recognized by various
papal indulgences.
io. CHARLES SVERKERSSON, FIRST
"
KING OF THE
SWEDES AND GOTHS." UPSALA MADE AN ARCH
BISHOPRIC (1164). LETTERS OF POPE ALEXANDER
III. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF THE CLERGY.
INNOCENT III. LETTERS TO ABSALON AND
ANDREAS OF LUND.
The Danes being driven out, Charles Sverker was
elected king of the Swedes and Goths, and was the first in
historical times to bear that designation. He did a real
service to Swedish nationality by taking up again the pro
ject, which had been dropped for a time, of forming
Sweden into a more or less independent province. No
doubt, it was to conciliate his Upland subjects that he gave
up any claims that Skara or Linkoping might possess, and
agreed to fix the Archbishop s throne at Old Upsala. This
act fell in with the policy of many of the popes, who wished
to prevent any of the great sees, such as Aries, Hamburg,
Canterbury, or Lund, from acquiring anything like
patriarchal rights which might make them rivals to Rome.
Ever since the fifth century this policy had checked the
development of the French Church, and the same policy
checks it still. The German empire had for a time fostered
and protected the great German sees, but Hamburg was
first weakened by the establishment of Lund, and then
Lund by that of Upsala. In England, the obedience of
York to Canterbury had recently been abrogated, after a
long struggle, at the instance of Archbishop Thurstan
(1114 1140). Whatever may be thought of the other
cases, Swedish nationality was certainly the gainer by the
foundation of its Archbishopric. In August 1164, Pope
Alexander II. (1159 1181) gave a constitution to the new
foundation by issuing two bulls, one addressed to Stephen,
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