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neutrality in naval war may be regarded as
having broken down. On the 30th of March,
1854, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Drouyn de Lhuys, pubhshed a communication,
including, amongst other things, that the
neutral flag during the then begun (Crimean)
war, should be regarded as a protection for all
neutral and hostile private property, except
contraband of war. The same day the English
Government gave forth in the London Gazette
a similar declaration, and on April 19th of the
same year the Russian Government notified
in the Official Gazette of St. Petersburg that
Russia would, during that war, act upon the
same rules as the Allied powers.
The provisions, which thus the Western
powers on one side, and Russia on the other,
believed themselves bound to observe towards
neutral states, were at the Peace of Paris,
1856, solemnly ratified as International Law in
force for all time. The principles which the
plenipotentiary signatories of the Peace Treaty
of Paris agreed upon in a proclamation of April
16th, 1856, are as follows:—
1. Privateering is and shall be abolished.
2. The neutral flag shall protect property
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