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THROUGH SWEDEN. 147
Sjoberg; profeffor of hiftory, author of differtations on Swedith
antiquities.
In the Swedith as in the German univerfities, there is an orelet !
of graduates called dodtors of philofophy. It may ferve to throw
fome light perhaps on the ftate of philofophy in Sweden, to men-
tion the manner in which they obtain their degree. They firft
undergo an examination on the fubject of divinity, and afterwards
on that of Latin. Having gone through thefe examinations,
they are examined a fecond time on the fubject of Latin, and fome
queftions are put to them by all the ten profeflors. They then de-
fend fome thefis of their own compofition, and without any far-
ther ceremony are made doétors of philofophy. There are two
printing offices in Lund.
The ftudents of the univerfity of Lund are in general not of
the firft and richeft, but the poorer claffes of fociety: they had
the character of being very riotous, and frequently fhewed that
kind of unruly fpirit by which, as I underftand, the Eton and
Weftminfter {cholars have upon fome occafions diftinguifhed
themfelves. Of late, however, the manners of the Lundians have
become more gentle and refined, and that refractorinefs and de-
fiance on which they formerly prided themfelves, is gradually
foftened into decency and tranquillity, fuch as becomes the friends
of the mufes. A fociety or club has been eftablifhed for purchaf-
ing the periodical publications of foreign: countries, among the
profeffors and ftudents, which brings about a fort of connection that
is very advantageous to the former, and occupies their attention
U2 by
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