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THROUGH FINLAND. 265
Some general Signs of Spring and Summer at Uleaborg, according ta
twenty-four years Obfervation, by J. Julin.
About .
Marcu 5. - = The melting ice and fnow begin to trickle from the roofs of the
houfes. ;
Appin i. = - The fnow-bunting (emberiza nivalis, Lin.) appears.
APRIL 25. - - The wild geefe and the birds of the lakes arrive.
The papilio urticz (Lin.) makes its appearance.
- The lark (alanda urvenfis, Lin.) fings.
The fields are bare, i. e. free from fnow.
Mays. - - - The white wagtail (motacilla alba, Lin.) fhews itfelf.
The wheat ear, or white tail (motacilla cenanthe, Lin.)
May 1 §—20. - The rivers open, and the ice melted.
A beginning may be made of planting in the kitchen gardens.
May 25. - - The martin (hirundo urbica, Lin.) comes.
The cuckow (cuculus canorus, Lin.) calls.
The {pring corn is out.
May 30. - - Marfh marigold (caltha paluftris, Lin.) flowers.
ae Trees, for inftance the birch, (betula alba) put forth their leaves.
June 12. - - Summer’s warmth, of 12 degrees above o.
Aucust to. - Night frofts begin.
Aucust 20. - Harveft begins. Winter rye (fecalo) is fown.
SEPTEMBER 25. ‘The birch (betula alba) theds its leaves.
NovemsER 20. ‘The ice bears; the ground is covered with fnow.
GENERAL REMARKS.
r. The WinTER begins in OGtober, and lafts full feven months, or till the end of
April. ‘The Spring is fhort, and is over with the month of May. The SumMMER
commences in June, and continues three months. Aurumwn takes its beginning.
with September, and only extends to the end of that month.
2. The greateft cold in winter is in January, and the greateft heat in fummer
commonly towards the end of July. =
3. The MIDDLE TEMPERATURE for the whole year, if we except the periods when
the feafons exert their particular influence, is about the freezing point of the ther-
mometer, or, in other words, conftant winter.
4. The night frofts are fometimes pretty fharp, efpecially from about the roth to
the 20th of Auguft. July 2 sth, 1785, feveral things in the kitchen gardens were bit
by the froft, for example the potatoes (folonum tuberofum) and the beans (phafeolus).
5. However fhort the f{ummer may be in this part of the world, the grafs and
corn neverthelefs grow fuffictently ripe. ‘There have been inftances that the corn
was fown and brought in quite ripe in the {pace of forty-two days.
Wiormeuls “Mm Extract
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