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180 GENERAL REMARKS
iuffer from being too clofely covered. In order to effect this, he
fixes a thong of leather to the poles of his tent over his bed, which
raifes his canvafs quilt to a proper height, but fo that the fides or
edges of it touch the ground: under this covering he creeps, and
paffes the night fecurely. The fpecies of gnat that is fo trouble-
fome, is the culex pipiens of Linnzeus: it is called, in the Danifh
language, /ys-nyg, and by the Laplanders, z/imoik. The female
only bites and fucks the blood; but fo difficult is it to guard
againft them, that gloves prove no protection, as they pafs their
{tings through the feams. They are found in fuch fwarms in the
woods, during the fummer, that whoever enters them is fure to
have his face inftantly covered, and 1s {carcely able to fee his way
before him. <A flight fwelling, attended with a difagreeable itch-
ing, immediately follows the puncture, and this is fucceeded by
fmall white ulcers; fo that the face of a perfon coming from the
country is fcarcely to be recognifed, and he appears full of blotches.
Whilft the Laplanders are employed in the woods, on the necef-
fary bufinefs of cutting timber for the fake of the bark, they are
unable to take the refrefhment of their meals; for their mouths,
as foon as opened, would be filled with thefe infects. If the wind
happen to blow briskly, they difappear for the time; but no
fooner is the wind laid, than they return with their ufual buz-
zing, and crowd every place. Thefe flies equally infeft the cattle
and rein-deer: when thefe animals return from the woods, they
are found covered with them, and when they are {wept from off
their backs and fides, their fkins are red with blood. Smoke is
found
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