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CONCERNING LAPLAND. 197
tened by ropes to a ftake have been fpared, whilft others that were
at liberty have been carried off : this muft be owing to a fear con-
ceived by the wolf at the fight of the animal’s tether, or to fome
fimilar caufe; for the like has not happened, when the deer has
broken loofe and betaken himfelf to flight.
The more readily to know his own deer, each Laplander puts a
particular mark upon thofe belonging to him, which generally con-
fifts of an incifion in the animal’s ear. In order to keep their herd
together and prevent their ftraying, the rein-deer are twice driven
out to feed, under proper attendance, and as many times brought
up to the tents every day ; and this method is conftantly followed
during the depth of winter, when the days are fhorteft, and the
nights fixteen hours long.
They who are but little acquainted with the folar fyftem will
be at no lofs to account for the reafon, why the fun in that cli-
mate remains for feven weeks together beneath the horizon, - and
loft in the lower hemifphere, leaving inftead of a clear day-light,
a twilight only of a few hours. It is not, however, fo dark, but
that when the fky is free from clouds a man may fee to write, or
do any common bufinefs in the fhorteft days, from ten in the fore-
noon to one o’clock in the afternoon, without the help of a can-
dle: and as during the winter folftice the fun withdraws his light
for fuch a length of time, it may be readily conceived, that the
leffer luminaries, in thofe days that are fhorteft, muft fine very
bright, and that the moon gives her light by day as well as night.
After the fpace of feven weeks is elapfed, the fun again makes his
appearance,
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