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230 GENERAL REMARKS
rope is thrown over their horns to faften them. Although a rein-
deer does not give more milk in common than a fhe-goat, yet,
from the numerous herds kept by the Laplanders, they find no
want of milk, cheefe, and butter.
They fix yokes about the necks of fuch of their rein-deer as are
particularly addicted to ftraggling from the herd. The ropes they
have are made from feal-fkin, as are the reins ufed for the fledges.
The Laplander, in performing the operation of gelding upon
the rein-deer, maxes no incifion with a knife, but employs his
teeth for that purpofe, bruifing the animal’s tefticles by biting
them, but without inflicting any outward wound. The caftrated
deer have different names according to their ages; one of two
years old is called vareek, of three years voveers, of four goddodas,
of five kuoifius-harerge, of fix makan : after they are feven years old
they have no frefh name, but are ftyled mamona-lapek, that is to
fay, aged, or paft the full age orname. The rein-deer, after that
operation is fuccefsfully performed, increafes in fize and flefh be-
yond the other males, and becomes of great value to his owner ;
infomuch, that any thing valuable is faid to be worth a gelt rein-
decr; and it is ef{teemed the greateft compliment that one Lap-
lander can pay to another, to tell him he has as great a regard for
him as for a rein-deer gelding.
When the Laplander is about to kill a rein-deer, he firft faftens
him to a poft with a rope, and then ftabs him in the neck witha
knife, which he withdraws from the wound; the animal then
ftirs a few fteps and falls: after it has lain about a quarter of an
hour,
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