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Tjarn, Tjern, nr Kjarn, Ur, rubble, loose stones. Yel, sandy slope,
small mountain-lake, Vang, bay, harbour. H, island.
‘tarn’. 1 ’and, Vain, water, lake. 0e,&y,peninsula,tongue
Toft, site of a house, plot Vang, meadow, pasture. of land,
of ground (the English Kof, contracted geuit. of k)re, tfyr. alluvial or
and Scotch provincial ‘Vand’. gravelly soil, tongue
word ‘toft’). Vij. Vik, creek. of land.
Many places have two or more different names, one usually
applying to the church, another to the principal ‘gaard’, a third
to the posting-station, and so on, the number of names being
sometimes in an inverse ratio to the importance of the place.
<h2><small>IX. On the Physical Geography of Scandinavia./small></h2>
Situation. Geological Formation. Coast Line.
Scandinavia, the largest peninsula in Europe, embracing the
kingdom of Norway on the IV. and N. sides, Sweden on the E. and
S., and part of Russia to the N.E., is about *29(3,500 Engl. sq. M.
in area. It extends from S.S.W. to N.N.E. between 55° 20’ and
71° 10’ N. latitude, being upwards of 1100 Engl. M. in length.
Retween the Gulf of Rothnia and the N.W. coast its breadth is
about 260 Engl. M., and towards the S. its breadth gradually
increases, though at the point where the Throndhjem Fjord forms a
deep indentation it narrows to 160 M. Farther to the S., in
latitude 60° (that of Christiania and Upsala), the width increases
to 435 M., beyond which Norway terminates in a rounded
peninsula ending in Cape Lindesnæs (58° 59’), while the S. part of
Sweden forms another peninsula to the S.E. of the Christiania
Fjord, gradually narrowing, and terminating in the promontory of
Falsterbo (55° 20’) near Copenhagen. The entire coast-line of the
peninsula, disregarding its innumerable indentations, measures
2060 M. in length, the part between Cape Lindesnæs and Vadsø
alone measuring 1250 M.
The peninsula contains no distinct mountain-ranges like those
occurring in most other countries, but mainly consists in its W.
part of a vast elevated plateau, descending abruptly to the western
fjords and sloping gradually down to the plains of Sweden and the
Gulf of Rothnia on the E. side. Roughly speaking, a line drawn
parallel with the IV. coast, about 50-60 Engl. M. inland, mark9
the boundary of the mountain plateau, the W. margin of which is
deeply indented with innumerable bays and creeks, and fringed
with a belt of countless rocky islands. The latter are known as
Skjetr (Sw. skär), and the island-belt as the Skjerrgaard (skärgård),
To different parts of the mountain-plateau are applied the names
of Fjeld (‘fell’), Heidar (‘heights’), and Vidder (‘widths’, barren
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